Cutaneous and local radiation injuries

Iddins, Carol J.; DiCarlo, Andrea L.; Ervin, Mark D.; Herrera-Reyes, Eduardo; Goans, Ronald E.

doi:10.1088/1361-6498/ac241a

Title: Cutaneous and local radiation injuries

Journal Article · 12 January 2022 · Journal of Radiological Protection

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac241a · OSTI ID:1905033

^[1];

^[2]; Ervin, Mark D. ^[3];

^[4]; Goans, Ronald E. ^[5]

Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); OSTI
National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD (United States)
Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Inst. for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses (France)
Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); MJW Corporation, Buffalo, NY (United States)

The threat of a large-scale radiological or nuclear (R/N) incident looms in the present-day climate, as noted most recently in an editorial in Scientific American (March 2021). These large-scale incidents are infrequent but affect large numbers of people. Smaller-scale R/N incidents occur more often, affecting smaller numbers of people. There is more awareness of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in the medical community; however, ionising radiation-induced injuries to the skin are much less understood. Here, this article will provide an overview of radiation-induced injuries to the skin, deeper tissues, and organs. The history and nomenclature; types and causes of injuries; pathophysiology; evaluation and diagnosis; current medical management; and current research of the evaluation and management are presented. Cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) or local radiation injuries (LRI) may lead to cutaneous radiation syndrome, a sub-syndrome of ARS. These injuries may occur from exposure to radioactive particles suspended in the environment (air, soil, water) after a nuclear detonation or an improvised nuclear detonation (IND), a nuclear power plant incident, or an encounter with a radioactive dispersal or exposure device. These incidents may also result in a radiation-combined injury; a chemical, thermal, or traumatic injury, with radiation exposure. Skin injuries from medical diagnostic and therapeutic imaging, medical misadministration of nuclear medicine or radiotherapy, occupational exposures (including research) to radioactive sources are more common but are not the focus of this manuscript. Diagnosis and evaluation of injuries are based on the scenario, clinical picture, and dosimetry, and may be assisted through advanced imaging techniques. Research-based multidisciplinary therapies, both in the laboratory and clinical trial environments, hold promise for future medical management. Great progress is being made in recognising the extent of injuries, understanding their pathophysiology, as well as diagnosis and management; however, research gaps still exist.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23100

OSTI ID:: 1905033

Journal Information:: Journal of Radiological Protection, Journal Name: Journal of Radiological Protection Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 42; ISSN 0952-4746

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Texture analysis methodologies for magnetic resonance imaging Materka, Andrzej Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2004.6.2/amaterka	journal	June 2004
A Century of Radiation Therapy and Adaptive Immunity Schaue, Dörthe Frontiers in Immunology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00431	journal	April 2017
CT Texture Analysis Challenges: Influence of Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters: A Comprehensive Review Espinasse, Mathilde; Pitre-Champagnat, Stéphanie; Charmettant, Benoit Diagnostics, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050258	journal	April 2020
Transdermal Permeation of Drugs in Various Animal Species Todo, Hiroaki Pharmaceutics, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9030033	journal	September 2017
The relationship between the degree of skin fibrosis by sonoelastography and the degree of pulmonary involvement in scleroderma ÇİLdaĞ, Songül; ÇİLdaĞ, Mehmet Burak TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 47 https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1702-44	journal	January 2017
An Innovative Complex of Benzene-Poly-Carboxylic Acid and Molybdenum, for Prevention and Treatment of Radiation Dermatitis Fares, Fuad Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0444.1000299	journal	January 2015
Skin imaging in systemic sclerosis Kang, Taeyoung; Abignano, Giuseppina; Lettieri, Giovanni European Journal of Rheumatology, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheumatol.2014.036	journal	September 2014
Radiotherapy and immune response: the systemic effects of a local treatment de Andrade Carvalho, Heloisa; Villar, Rosangela Correa Clinics, Vol. 73 https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2018/e557s	journal	January 2018
Management of Ionizing Radiation Injuries and Illnesses, Part 5: Local Radiation Injury Iddins, Carol J.; Christensen, Doran M.; Parrillo, Steven J. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, Vol. 114, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2014.170	journal	November 2014

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