Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Interserotypic Recombination in Superinfected Carrier Cattle

Fish, Ian; Stenfeldt, Carolina; Spinard, Edward; Medina, Gisselle N.; Azzinaro, Paul A.; Bertram, Miranda R.; Holinka, Lauren; Smoliga, George R.; Hartwig, Ethan J.; de los Santos, Teresa; Arzt, Jonathan

doi:10.3390/pathogens11060644

Title: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Interserotypic Recombination in Superinfected Carrier Cattle

Journal Article · 03 June 2022 · Pathogens

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060644 · OSTI ID:1904957

^[1];

^[2]; Spinard, Edward ^[2];

^[3]; Azzinaro, Paul A. ^[4];

^[4]; Holinka, Lauren ^[4]; Smoliga, George R. ^[4]; Hartwig, Ethan J. ^[4];

^[4];

^[4]

US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (United States); OSTI
US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (United States)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States); US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (United States)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, NY (United States)

Viral recombination contributes to the emergence of novel strains with the potential for altered host range, transmissibility, virulence, and immune evasion. For foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), cell culture experiments and phylogenetic analyses of field samples have demonstrated the occurrence of recombination. However, the frequency of recombination and associated virus–host interactions within an infected host have not been determined. We have previously reported the detection of interserotypic recombinant FMDVs in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples of 42% (5/12) of heterologously superinfected FMDV carrier cattle. The present investigation consists of a detailed analysis of the virus populations in these samples including identification and characterization of additional interserotypic minority recombinants. In every animal in which recombination was detected, recombinant viruses were identified in the OPF at the earliest sampling point after superinfection. Some recombinants remained dominant until the end of the experiment, whereas others were outcompeted by parental strains. Genomic analysis of detected recombinants suggests host immune pressure as a major driver of recombinant emergence as all recombinants had capsid-coding regions derived from the superinfecting virus to which the animals did not have detectable antibodies at the time of infection. In vitro analysis of a plaque-purified recombinant virus demonstrated a growth rate comparable to its parental precursors, and measurement of its specific infectivity suggested that the recombinant virus incurred no penalty in packaging its new chimeric genome. These findings have important implications for the potential role of persistently infected carriers in FMDV ecology and the emergence of novel strains.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 1904957

Journal Information:: Pathogens, Journal Name: Pathogens Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 11; ISSN 2076-0817

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
FMD
FMDV
aphthovirus
coinfection
foot-and-mouth disease virus
pathogenesis
persistent infection
recombination

Title: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Interserotypic Recombination in Superinfected Carrier Cattle

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