A Fiber-Based 3D Lithium Host for Lean Electrolyte Lithium Metal Batteries

Yu, Sicen; Wu, Zhaohui; Holoubek, John; Liu, Haodong; Hopkins, Emma; Xiao, Yuxuan; Xing, Xing; Lee, Myeong Hwan; Liu, Ping

doi:10.1002/advs.202104829

Title: A Fiber-Based 3D Lithium Host for Lean Electrolyte Lithium Metal Batteries

Journal Article · 01 February 2022 · Advanced Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202104829 · OSTI ID:1904854

Yu, Sicen ^[1]; Wu, Zhaohui ^[2]; Holoubek, John ^[2]; Liu, Haodong ^[2]; Hopkins, Emma ^[2]; Xiao, Yuxuan ^[2]; Xing, Xing ^[2]; Lee, Myeong Hwan ^[2];

^[2]

University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States); OSTI
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)

3D hosts are promising to extend the cycle life of lithium metal anodes but have rarely been implemented with lean electrolytes thus impacting the practical cell energy density. To overcome this challenge, a 3D host that is lightweight and easy to fabricate with optimum pore size that enables full utilization of its pore volume, essential for lean electrolyte operations, is reported. The host is fabricated by casting a VGCF (vapor-grown carbon fiber)-based slurry loaded with a sparingly soluble rubidium nitrate salt as an additive. The network of fibers generates uniform pores of ≈3 µm in diameter with a porosity of 80%, while the nitrate additive enhances lithiophilicity. This 3D host delivers an average coulombic efficiency of 99.36% at 1 mA cm^-2 and 1 mAh cm^-2 for over 860 cycles in half-cell tests. Full cells containing an anode with 1.35-fold excess lithium paired with LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811) cathodes exhibit capacity retention of 80% over 176 cycles at C/2 under a lean electrolyte condition of 3 g Ah^-1. This work provides a facile and scalable method to advance 3D lithium hosts closer to practical lithium-metal batteries.

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Research Organization:: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007764

OSTI ID:: 1904854

Journal Information:: Advanced Science, Journal Name: Advanced Science Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 9; ISSN 2198-3844

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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