The High-Frequency Signature of Slow and Fast Laboratory Earthquakes

Bolton, David C.; Shreedharan, Srisharan; McLaskey, Gregory C.; Rivière, Jacques; Shokouhi, Parisa; Trugman, Daniel T.; Marone, Chris

doi:10.1029/2022jb024170

Title: The High-Frequency Signature of Slow and Fast Laboratory Earthquakes

Journal Article · 26 May 2022 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024170 · OSTI ID:1904782

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^[3]; Rivière, Jacques ^[4]; Shokouhi, Parisa ^[4];

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University of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
University of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (United States)
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)
University of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States); La Sapienza University of Rome (Italy)

Tectonic faults fail through a spectrum of slip modes, ranging from slow aseismic creep to rapid slip during earthquakes. Understanding the seismic radiation emitted during these slip modes is key for advancing earthquake science and earthquake hazard assessment. In this work, we use laboratory friction experiments instrumented with ultrasonic sensors to document the seismic radiation properties of slow and fast laboratory earthquakes. Stick-slip experiments were conducted at a constant loading rate of 8 μm/s and the normal stress was systematically increased from 7 to 15 MPa. We produced a full spectrum of slip modes by modulating the loading stiffness in tandem with the fault zone normal stress. Acoustic emission data were recorded continuously at 5 MHz. We demonstrate that the full continuum of slip modes radiate measurable high-frequency energy between 100 and 500 kHz, including the slowest events that have peak fault slip rates <100 μm/s. The peak amplitude of the high-frequency time-domain signals scales systematically with fault slip velocity. Stable sliding experiments further support the connection between fault slip rate and high-frequency radiation. Experiments demonstrate that the origin of the high-frequency energy is fundamentally linked to changes in fault slip rate, shear strain, and breaking of contact junctions within the fault gouge. Our results suggest that having measurements close to the fault zone may be key for documenting seismic radiation properties and fully understanding the connection between different slip modes.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: European Research Council Advance Grant; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Geothermal Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008763; SC0020512

OSTI ID:: 1904782

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 127; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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