Lignin biosynthesis: old roads revisited and new roads explored

Dixon, Richard A.; Barros, Jaime

doi:10.1098/rsob.190215

Title: Lignin biosynthesis: old roads revisited and new roads explored

Journal Article · 03 December 2019 · Open Biology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.190215 · OSTI ID:1903900

^[1]; Barros, Jaime ^[2]

Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States); OSTI
Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States)

Lignin is a major component of secondarily thickened plant cell walls and is considered to be the second most abundant biopolymer on the planet. At one point believed to be the product of a highly controlled polymerization procedure involving just three potential monomeric components (monolignols), it is becoming increasingly clear that the composition of lignin is quite flexible. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathways to the major monolignols also appear to exhibit flexibility, particularly as regards the early reactions leading to the formation of caffeic acid from coumaric acid. The operation of parallel pathways to caffeic acid occurring at the level of shikimate esters or free acids may help provide robustness to the pathway under different physiological conditions. Several features of the pathway also appear to link monolignol biosynthesis to both generation and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, one of the oxidants responsible for creating monolignol radicals for polymerization in the apoplast. Monolignol transport to the apoplast is not well understood. It may involve passive diffusion, although this may be targeted to sites of lignin initiation/polymerization by ordered complexes of both biosynthetic enzymes on the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane and structural anchoring of proteins for monolignol oxidation and polymerization on the apoplastic side. We present several hypothetical models to illustrate these ideas and stimulate further research. These are based primarily on studies in model systems, which may or may not reflect the major lignification process in forest trees.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI ID:: 1903900

Journal Information:: Open Biology, Journal Name: Open Biology Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 9; ISSN 2046-2441

Publisher:: The Royal SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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