Process optimization of caustic scrubber and iodine-129 immobilization in sodalite-based waste forms

Bollinger, David L.; Erickson, Jessica; Bussey, John M.; McCloy, John S.

doi:10.1557/s43580-022-00229-y

Title: Process optimization of caustic scrubber and iodine-129 immobilization in sodalite-based waste forms

Journal Article · 15 February 2022 · MRS Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-022-00229-y · OSTI ID:1903215

Bollinger, David L. ^[1]; Erickson, Jessica ^[2]; Bussey, John M. ^[2];

^[2]

Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States); Washington State University
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)

Caustic scrubbers are proposed to remove vaporized iodine from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Resulting caustic slurries of radioactive iodine (¹²⁹I) and other anions can be captured and immobilized into the cage structures of sodalite-type minerals. Here, mixed anion sodalites were hydrothermally synthesized from a simulated caustic scrubber solution containing hydroxide/water, carbonate, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrate, and nitrite ions with added kaolinite. Experiments were conducted with twenty-five different sets of process conditions. Resulting powders were characterized by quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and multi-functional thermal analysis, including gravimetry, calorimetry, and mass spectrometry. Using statistical analysis, process variables were tailored to maximize conversion of kaolinite into cage silicates, immobilize caustic scrubber anions, and minimize amorphous content. Further, chemical analysis showed the incorporation of all the targeted ions into the solids. Detailed investigation of a batch characterized after washing (creating secondary waste) and one without washing but subsequent calcination is given. This work contributes to defining the constraints required for subsequent consolidation process steps of the waste form to avoid volatilization.

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Research Organization:: Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: NE0008964

OSTI ID:: 1903215

Journal Information:: MRS Advances, Journal Name: MRS Advances Journal Issue: 5-6 Vol. 7; ISSN 2059-8521

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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