Minimizing Oxygen Permeability in Chitin/Cellulose Nanomaterial Coatings by Tuning Chitin Deacetylation

Ji, Yue; Waters, Samantha; Lim, Eunhyang; Lang, Augustus W.; Ciesielski, Peter N.; Shofner, Meisha L.; Reynolds, John R.; Meredith, J. Carson

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05051

Title: Minimizing Oxygen Permeability in Chitin/Cellulose Nanomaterial Coatings by Tuning Chitin Deacetylation

Journal Article · 19 December 2021 · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05051 · OSTI ID:1901790

^[1]; Waters, Samantha ^[2]; Lim, Eunhyang ^[2]; Lang, Augustus W. ^[2];

^[3];

^[2];

^[2]

Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Georgia Tech
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

The demand for packaging materials with low gas permeabilities is increasing, but commonly used petroleum-derived single-use plastics are not renewable, biodegradable, or easy to recycle. Nanomaterials composed of chitin and cellulose, which are abundant in nature, have high crystallinities and low oxygen permeabilities (OP), providing a viable alternative. In this work, we explore how deacetylation conditions of crab shell chitin can be used to tune the charge and size of resulting chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) and the resulting OP of layered film structures. Three deacetylation factors, the concentration of sodium hydroxide (%NaOH), temperature (T), and reaction time, were explored using a three-factor three-level Taguchi design with an orthogonal array. Furthermore, the resulting ChNW suspensions were sequentially spray-coated with suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) onto cellulose acetate (CA) films to form a multilayer structure. We show that ChNWs prepared under more aggressive deacetylation conditions inside the original orthogonal array (higher %NaOH, T, and time) had shorter lengths but the surface charge was significantly influenced only by more aggressive deacetylation outside of the original design conditions. With only ~10% decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and no significant loss in failure strain, the ChNW-CNC coating resulted in ~20% decrease in WVTR in comparison to uncoated CA films. The optimization of process conditions resulted in CA-ChNW-CNC films with a 91-99% decrease in OP (132-16.7 cm³∙μm/m²/day/kPa versus 1553 cm3∙μm/m2/day/kPa for uncoated CA).

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Research Organization:: Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0008494

OSTI ID:: 1901790

Journal Information:: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Name: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 10; ISSN 2168-0485

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Minimizing Oxygen Permeability in Chitin/Cellulose Nanomaterial Coatings by Tuning Chitin Deacetylation

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