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Title: Quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for temperature, pressure, and NO X 2 Π 1/2 at 500  kHz in shock-heated air at elevated pressures

Abstract

The design, validation, and application of a quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for measuring gas temperature, pressure, and nitric oxide (NO) in high-temperature air are presented. A distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser (QCL) centered near 1976 c m − <#comment/> 1 was used to scan across two transitions of NO in its ground electronic state ( X 2 Π <#comment/> 1 / 2 ). A measurement rate of 500 kHz was achieved using a single QCL by: (1) performing current modulation through a bias-tee, and (2) targeting closely spaced transitions with a large difference in lower-state energy. The diagnostic was validated in a mixture of 95% argon and 5% NO, which was shock-heated to ≈ <#comment/> 2000 to 3700 K. The average mean percent differences between laser-absorption-spectroscopy (LAS) measurements and predictions from shock-jump relations for temperature, pressure, and NO mole fraction were 3.1%, 4.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. The diagnostic was then applied to characterize shock-heated air at high temperatures (up to ≈ <#comment/> 5500 K ) and high pressures (up to 12 atm) behind either incident or reflected shocks. The LAS measurements were compared to theoretical predictions from shock-jump relations, pressure sensors mounted in the wall of the shock tube, and equilibrium values of the NO mole fraction. The average mean percent differences between LAS measurements and their aforementioned reference values were 3.2%, 10.8%, and 10.4% for temperature, pressure, and NO mole fraction, respectively. Last, a comparison between a measured NO mole fraction time history and a time-stepped homogeneous reactor simulation performed using two different chemical kinetics mechanisms is presented.

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1899636
Resource Type:
Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Applied Optics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Applied Optics Journal Volume: 62 Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1559-128X
Publisher:
Optical Society of America
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Gilvey, Jonathan J., Ruesch, Morgan D., Daniel, Kyle A., Downing, Charley R., Lynch, Kyle P., Wagner, Justin L., and Goldenstein, Christopher S. Quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for temperature, pressure, and NO X 2 Π 1/2 at 500  kHz in shock-heated air at elevated pressures. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1364/AO.464623.
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Gilvey, Jonathan J., Ruesch, Morgan D., Daniel, Kyle A., Downing, Charley R., Lynch, Kyle P., Wagner, Justin L., & Goldenstein, Christopher S. Quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for temperature, pressure, and NO X 2 Π 1/2 at 500  kHz in shock-heated air at elevated pressures. United States. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.464623
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Gilvey, Jonathan J., Ruesch, Morgan D., Daniel, Kyle A., Downing, Charley R., Lynch, Kyle P., Wagner, Justin L., and Goldenstein, Christopher S. Wed . "Quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for temperature, pressure, and NO X 2 Π 1/2 at 500  kHz in shock-heated air at elevated pressures". United States. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.464623.
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@article{osti_1899636,
title = {Quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for temperature, pressure, and NO X 2 Π 1/2 at 500  kHz in shock-heated air at elevated pressures},
author = {Gilvey, Jonathan J. and Ruesch, Morgan D. and Daniel, Kyle A. and Downing, Charley R. and Lynch, Kyle P. and Wagner, Justin L. and Goldenstein, Christopher S.},
abstractNote = {The design, validation, and application of a quantum-cascade-laser-absorption-spectroscopy diagnostic for measuring gas temperature, pressure, and nitric oxide (NO) in high-temperature air are presented. A distributed-feedback quantum-cascade laser (QCL) centered near 1976 c m − <#comment/> 1 was used to scan across two transitions of NO in its ground electronic state ( X 2 Π <#comment/> 1 / 2 ). A measurement rate of 500 kHz was achieved using a single QCL by: (1) performing current modulation through a bias-tee, and (2) targeting closely spaced transitions with a large difference in lower-state energy. The diagnostic was validated in a mixture of 95% argon and 5% NO, which was shock-heated to ≈ <#comment/> 2000 to 3700 K. The average mean percent differences between laser-absorption-spectroscopy (LAS) measurements and predictions from shock-jump relations for temperature, pressure, and NO mole fraction were 3.1%, 4.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. The diagnostic was then applied to characterize shock-heated air at high temperatures (up to ≈ <#comment/> 5500 K ) and high pressures (up to 12 atm) behind either incident or reflected shocks. The LAS measurements were compared to theoretical predictions from shock-jump relations, pressure sensors mounted in the wall of the shock tube, and equilibrium values of the NO mole fraction. The average mean percent differences between LAS measurements and their aforementioned reference values were 3.2%, 10.8%, and 10.4% for temperature, pressure, and NO mole fraction, respectively. Last, a comparison between a measured NO mole fraction time history and a time-stepped homogeneous reactor simulation performed using two different chemical kinetics mechanisms is presented.},
doi = {10.1364/AO.464623},
journal = {Applied Optics},
number = 6,
volume = 62,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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