Deterministic modeling of hybrid nonlinear effects in epsilon-near-zero thin films

Secondo, R.; Ball, A.; Diroll, B.; Fomra, D.; Ding, K.; Avrutin, V.; Özgür, Ü.; Demchenko, D. O.; Khurgin, J. B.; Kinsey, N.

doi:10.1063/5.0077116

Title: Deterministic modeling of hybrid nonlinear effects in epsilon-near-zero thin films

Journal Article · 18 January 2022 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0077116 · OSTI ID:1894216

Secondo, R. ^[1]; Ball, A. ^[1]; Diroll, B. ^[2];

^[1];

^[1]; Avrutin, V. ^[1]; Özgür, Ü. ^[1];

^[1];

^[3];

^[1]

Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond, VA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)

In nonlinear optics, significant effort is concentrated on improving the strength and efficiency of interactions; however, experimentally investigating nonlinear materials is a complex, time-consuming, and costly investment. Moreover, it is often challenging to isolate, study, and optimize material parameters in an experiment due to complexities in the growth process. Recently, epsilon-near-zero materials have received a great deal of attention as promising nonlinear optical materials, but like many up-and-coming materials, the ability to explore and optimize their properties has been challenging. Here, we establish a framework to rapidly evaluate the performance of nonlinear epsilon-near-zero materials for both inter- and intraband effects in silico, requiring only an energy-momentum (E-k) diagram, linear optical properties, and experimental conditions. Measured nonlinear reflection and transmission in gallium-doped zinc oxide films are compared to the numerical framework for both intra- and interband excitation to verify accuracy across wavelength and irradiance while two figures of merit (FoMs) are introduced to quickly evaluate the performance of films without a full numerical framework. This capability is used to predict the performance of highly doped gallium nitride, cadmium oxide, zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide films, and efficient intra- and interband operation conditions are identified. Through this numerical framework and the FoMs, the exploration of unstudied epsilon-near-zero materials is enabled without the need for a nonlinear experiment, thereby accelerating the search for more efficient nonlinear materials and excitation conditions.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM)

Sponsoring Organization:: Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1894216

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Journal Name: Applied Physics Letters Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 120; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Deterministic modeling of hybrid nonlinear effects in epsilon-near-zero thin films

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