Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field
Abstract
Energy equipartition is a powerful theoretical tool for understanding astrophysical plasmas. It is invoked, for example, to measure magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM), as evidence for small-scale turbulent dynamo action, and, in general, to estimate the energy budget of star-forming molecular clouds. Here, in this study, we motivate and explore the role of the volume-averaged root-mean-squared (rms) magnetic coupling term between the turbulent, δB , and large-scale, B0, fields, $$\langle$$(δB·B0)2$$\rangle$$$$_{V}^{1/2}$$. By considering the second moments of the energy balance equations we show that the rms coupling term is in energy equipartition with the volume-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for turbulence with a sub-Alfvénic large-scale field. Under the assumption of exact energy equipartition between these terms, we derive relations for the magnetic and coupling term fluctuations, which provide excellent, parameter-free agreement with time-averaged data from 280 numerical simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Furthermore, we explore the relation between the turbulent mean field and total Alfvén Mach numbers, and demonstrate that sub-Alfvénic turbulence can only be developed through a strong, large-scale magnetic field, which supports an extremely super-Alfvénic turbulent magnetic field. This means that the magnetic field fluctuations are significantly subdominant to the velocity fluctuations in the sub-Alfvénic large-scale field regime. Throughout our study, we broadly discuss the implications for observations of magnetic fields and understanding the dynamics in the magnetized ISM.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[3];
[2];
[1];
[1];
[4];
[1]
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in All Sky Astrophysics (ASTRO3D), Canberra, ACT (Australia)
- Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion (Greece); Univ. of Crete, Heraklion (Greece)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); European Research Council (ERC); Australian Research Council
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1891223
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-832066
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; 1048412; TRN: US2310105
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; 771282; FT180100495; DP190101258
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 515; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; astronomy; astrophysics; dynamo; MHD; turbulence; kinematics and dynamics; magnetic fields
Citation Formats
Beattie, James R., Krumholz, Mark R., Skalidis, Raphael, Federrath, Christoph, Seta, Amit, Crocker, Roland M., Mocz, Philip, and Kriel, Neco. Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2099.
Beattie, James R., Krumholz, Mark R., Skalidis, Raphael, Federrath, Christoph, Seta, Amit, Crocker, Roland M., Mocz, Philip, & Kriel, Neco. Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2099
Beattie, James R., Krumholz, Mark R., Skalidis, Raphael, Federrath, Christoph, Seta, Amit, Crocker, Roland M., Mocz, Philip, and Kriel, Neco. Thu .
"Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2099. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1891223.
@article{osti_1891223,
title = {Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field},
author = {Beattie, James R. and Krumholz, Mark R. and Skalidis, Raphael and Federrath, Christoph and Seta, Amit and Crocker, Roland M. and Mocz, Philip and Kriel, Neco},
abstractNote = {Energy equipartition is a powerful theoretical tool for understanding astrophysical plasmas. It is invoked, for example, to measure magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM), as evidence for small-scale turbulent dynamo action, and, in general, to estimate the energy budget of star-forming molecular clouds. Here, in this study, we motivate and explore the role of the volume-averaged root-mean-squared (rms) magnetic coupling term between the turbulent, δB , and large-scale, B0, fields, $\langle$(δB·B0)2$\rangle$$_{V}^{1/2}$. By considering the second moments of the energy balance equations we show that the rms coupling term is in energy equipartition with the volume-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for turbulence with a sub-Alfvénic large-scale field. Under the assumption of exact energy equipartition between these terms, we derive relations for the magnetic and coupling term fluctuations, which provide excellent, parameter-free agreement with time-averaged data from 280 numerical simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Furthermore, we explore the relation between the turbulent mean field and total Alfvén Mach numbers, and demonstrate that sub-Alfvénic turbulence can only be developed through a strong, large-scale magnetic field, which supports an extremely super-Alfvénic turbulent magnetic field. This means that the magnetic field fluctuations are significantly subdominant to the velocity fluctuations in the sub-Alfvénic large-scale field regime. Throughout our study, we broadly discuss the implications for observations of magnetic fields and understanding the dynamics in the magnetized ISM.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stac2099},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 515,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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