Atomic layer deposition of lithium zirconium oxides for the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries

Liu, Yongqiang; Wang, Xin; Ghosh, Sujan Kumar; Zou, Min; Zhou, Hua; Xiao, Xianghui; Meng, Xiangbo

doi:10.1039/d1dt03600a

Title: Atomic layer deposition of lithium zirconium oxides for the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries

Journal Article · 19 January 2022 · Dalton Transactions

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03600a · OSTI ID:1889159

Liu, Yongqiang ^[1]; Wang, Xin ^[2];

^[2];

^[2]; Zhou, Hua ^[3]; Xiao, Xianghui ^[4];

^[2]

Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States); Northeast Forestry University (China)
Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Recently there has been increasing interest to develop lithium-containing films as solid-state electrolytes or surface coatings for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and related systems. Here, in this study, we for the first time investigated the thin film growth of lithium zirconium oxides (Li_xZr_yO or LZOs) through combining two individual atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes of ZrO₂ and LiOH, i.e., sub-ALD of ZrO₂ and LiOH. We revealed that the hygroscopic nature of the LiOH component has a big impact on the growth of LZOs. We found that an increased temperature to 225 °C was more effective than an elongated purge to mitigate the adverse effects of physisorbed H₂O. We further discovered that, during the resultant LZO super-ALD processes, the growth of sub-ALD LiOH has been promoted while the growth of sub-ALD ZrO₂ has been inhibited. In this study, a suite of instruments has been applied to characterize the LZO super-ALD processes and the resultant LZO films, including in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, we applied the resulting LZO films over LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂ (NMC622) cathodes in LIBs and demonstrated that the LZO coating films could evidently improve the lithium-ion insertion and extraction rates of the NMC622 electrodes up to 3.4 and 2.6 times, respectively. The LZO-coated NMC622 cathodes exhibited much better performance than the uncoated NMC622 ones.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1889159

Report Number(s):: BNL-223467-2022-JAAM

Journal Information:: Dalton Transactions, Journal Name: Dalton Transactions Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 51; ISSN 1477-9226

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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