Sugar loading is not required for phloem sap flow in maize plants

Babst, Benjamin A.; Braun, David M.; Karve, Abhijit A.; Frank Baker, R.; Tran, Thu M.; Kenny, Douglas J.; Rohlhill, Julia; Knoblauch, Jan; Knoblauch, Michael; Lohaus, Gertrud; Tappero, Ryan; Scherzer, Sönke; Hedrich, Rainer; Jensen, Kaare H.

doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01098-x

Title: Sugar loading is not required for phloem sap flow in maize plants

Journal Article · 21 February 2022 · Nature Plants (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01098-x · OSTI ID:1887533

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^[2]; Karve, Abhijit A. ^[1]; Frank Baker, R. ^[2]; Tran, Thu M. ^[2];

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^[3]; Lohaus, Gertrud ^[4]; Tappero, Ryan ^[1];

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Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)
Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
University of Wuppertal (Germany)
University of Wurzburg (Germany)
Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)

We report phloem transport of photoassimilates from leaves to non-photosynthetic organs, such as the root and shoot apices and reproductive organs, is crucial to plant growth and yield. For nearly 90 years, evidence has been generally consistent with the theory of a pressure-flow mechanism of phloem transport. Central to this hypothesis is the loading of osmolytes, principally sugars, into the phloem to generate the osmotic pressure that propels bulk flow. Here we used genetic and light manipulations to test whether sugar import into the phloem is required as the driving force for phloem sap flow. Using carbon-11 radiotracer, we show that a maize sucrose transporter1 (sut1) loss-of-function mutant has severely reduced export of carbon from photosynthetic leaves (only ~4% of the wild type level). Yet, the mutant remarkably maintains phloem pressure at ~100% and sap flow speeds at ~50–75% of those of wild type. Potassium (K+) abundance in the phloem was elevated in sut1 mutant leaves. Fluid dynamic modelling supports the conclusion that increased K+ loading compensated for decreased sucrose loading to maintain phloem pressure, and thereby maintained phloem transport via the pressure-flow mechanism. Furthermore, these results suggest that sap flow and transport of other phloem-mobile nutrients and signalling molecules could be regulated independently of sugar loading into the phloem, potentially influencing carbon–nutrient homoeostasis and the distribution of signalling molecules in plants encountering different environmental conditions.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: German Research Foundation; Independent Research Fund Denmark; National Science Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); United States Department of Agriculture; Villum Fonden

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-98CH10886; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1887533

Report Number(s):: BNL-223297-2022-JAAM

Journal Information:: Nature Plants (Online), Journal Name: Nature Plants (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 8; ISSN 2055-0278

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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