Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

Armstrong, Michael R.; Radousky, Harry B.; Austin, Ryan A.; Tschauner, Oliver; Brown, Shaughnessy; Gleason, Arianna E.; Goldman, Nir; Granados, Eduardo; Grivickas, Paulius; Holtgrewe, Nicholas; Kroonblawd, Matthew P.; Lee, Hae Ja; Lobanov, Sergey; Nagler, Bob; Nam, Inhyuk; Prakapenka, Vitali; Prescher, Clemens; Reed, Evan J.; Stavrou, Elissaios; Walter, Peter; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Belof, Jonathan L.

doi:10.1063/5.0085297

Title: Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

Journal Article · 31 July 2022 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085297 · OSTI ID:1886935

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^[2]; Austin, Ryan A. ^[2];

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^[2]; Granados, Eduardo ^[4];

^[2]; Holtgrewe, Nicholas ^[5]; Kroonblawd, Matthew P. ^[2]; Lee, Hae Ja ^[4]; Lobanov, Sergey ^[6]; Nagler, Bob ^[4]; Nam, Inhyuk ^[4];

^[7]; Prescher, Clemens ^[8]; Reed, Evan J. ^[9]; Stavrou, Elissaios ^[2];

^[4] more »

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Carnegie Institute of Science, Washington, DC (United States)
University of Potsdam (Germany)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
University of Freiburg (Germany)
Stanford University, CA (United States)

Here, the response of rapidly compressed highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) normal to its basal plane was investigated at a pressure of ~80 GPa. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction using ~100 fs pulses at the Materials Under Extreme Conditions sector of the Linac Coherent Light Source was used to probe the changes in crystal structure resulting from picosecond timescale compression at laser drive energies ranging from 2.5 to 250 mJ. A phase transformation from HOPG to a highly textured hexagonal diamond structure is observed at the highest energy, followed by relaxation to a still highly oriented, but distorted graphite structure following release. We observe the formation of a highly oriented lonsdaleite within 20 ps, subsequent to compression. This suggests that a diffusionless martensitic mechanism may play a fundamental role in phase transition, as speculated in an early work on this system, and more recent static studies of diamonds formed in impact events.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Carnegie Institution of Washington; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-94ER14466

OSTI ID:: 1886935

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-822386

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 132; ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Highly ordered graphite (HOPG) to hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) phase transition observed on picosecond time scales using ultrafast x-ray diffraction

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