Title: Current Challenges in Efficient Lithium‐Ion Batteries’ Recycling: A Perspective

Journal Article · · Global Challenges
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [2]; ORCiD logo [4]
  1. Program of Materials Science University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
  2. Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
  3. Program of Chemical Engineering University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
  4. Program of Materials Science University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA, Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA, Program of Chemical Engineering University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA, Sustainable Power and Energy Center University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA

Abstract Li‐ion battery (LIB) recycling has become an urgent need with rapid prospering of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, which has caused a shortage of material resources and led to an increasing amount of retired batteries. However, the global LIB recycling effort is hampered by various factors such as insufficient logistics, regulation, and technology readiness. Here, the challenges associated with LIB recycling and their possible solutions are summarized. Different aspects such as recycling/upcycling techniques, worldwide government policies, and the economic and environmental impacts are discussed, along with some practical suggestions to overcome these challenges for a promising circular economy for LIB materials. Some potential strategies are proposed to convert such challenges into opportunities to maintain the global expansion of the EV and other LIB‐dependent industries.

Research Organization:
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
OSTI ID:
1886399
Journal Information:
Global Challenges, Journal Name: Global Challenges Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 6; ISSN 2056-6646
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

References (58)

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling journal January 2022
Next‐Generation Cobalt‐Free Cathodes – A Prospective Solution to the Battery Industry's Cobalt Problem journal January 2022
Upcycling of spent LiCoO 2 cathodes via nickel‐ and manganese‐doping journal June 2022
Understanding Policy Coherence: Analytical Framework and Examples of Sector-Environment Policy Interactions in the EU: Understanding Policy Coherence journal September 2012
Battery pack recycling challenges for the year 2030: Recommended solutions based on intelligent robotics for safe and efficient disassembly, residual energy detection, and secondary utilization journal September 2020
Resolving the Structural Defects of Spent Li 1− x CoO 2 Particles to Directly Reconstruct High Voltage Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries journal August 2021
Progress in the sustainable recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries journal May 2021
End-of-life (EOL) issues and options for electric vehicle batteries journal February 2013
Unveiling the recycling characteristics and trends of spent lithium-ion battery: a scientometric study journal December 2021
Recycling of Li-Ion and Lead Acid Batteries: A Review journal January 2022
Lithium as an emerging environmental contaminant: Mobility in the soil-plant system journal April 2018
Environmental impact of spent lithium ion batteries and green recycling perspectives by organic acids – A review journal March 2020
Li-ion battery recycling challenges journal November 2021
Seeking direct cathode regeneration for more efficient lithium-ion battery recycling journal February 2022
Recycling and environmental issues of lithium-ion batteries: Advances, challenges and opportunities journal May 2021
Achieving low-temperature hydrothermal relithiation by redox mediation for direct recycling of spent lithium-ion battery cathodes journal October 2022
A review on comprehensive recycling of spent power lithium-ion battery in China journal February 2022
Financial viability of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling journal July 2021
Flux upcycling of spent NMC 111 to nickel-rich NMC cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts journal February 2022
Extended producer responsibility: Regulation design and responsibility sharing policies for a supply chain journal November 2019
A competitive dual recycling channel in a three-level closed loop supply chain under different power structures: Pricing and collecting decisions journal November 2020
Development of recycling strategy for large stacked systems: Experimental and machine learning approach to form reuse battery packs for secondary applications journal December 2020
Recycling End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries journal November 2019
Efficient Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes by Targeted Healing journal December 2020
A closed loop process for recycling spent lithium ion batteries journal September 2014
Geometallurgy of cobalt ores: A review journal January 2021
A universal etching method for synthesizing high-performance single crystal cathode materials journal September 2021
A future perspective on lithium-ion battery waste flows from electric vehicles journal February 2014
Solving spent lithium-ion battery problems in China: Opportunities and challenges journal December 2015
Management status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China and a complete closed-circuit recycling process journal July 2021
Lithium-ion battery recycling processes: Research towards a sustainable course journal September 2018
The case for recycling: Overview and challenges in the material supply chain for automotive li-ion batteries journal April 2019
Sustainable Recycling Technology for Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond: Challenges and Future Prospects journal January 2020
Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling─Overview of Techniques and Trends journal January 2022
The Regulatory Environment for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling journal January 2022
Resolving the Compositional and Structural Defects of Degraded LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 Particles to Directly Regenerate High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes journal June 2018
A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries journal December 2017
Battery technology and recycling alone will not save the electric mobility transition from future cobalt shortages journal March 2022
Current status and challenges for automotive battery production technologies journal April 2018
High-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-based automotive batteries journal January 2020
Predicting the state of charge and health of batteries using data-driven machine learning journal March 2020
Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries journal January 2021
A Review on Environmental, Economic and Hydrometallurgical Processes of Recycling Spent Lithium-ion Batteries journal July 2020
Steering extended producer responsibility for electric vehicle batteries journal May 2021
Key issues for Li-ion battery recycling journal January 2018
Sustainable design of fully recyclable all solid-state batteries journal July 2020
Enabling sustainable critical materials for battery storage through efficient recycling and improved design: A perspective journal July 2020
High-Pressure Saturated-Steam Correlations journal December 1987
EverBatt: A Closed-loop Battery Recycling Cost and Environmental Impacts Model report April 2019
Strategy for Overcoming Cost Hurdles of Plug-In–Hybrid Battery in California: Integrating Post-Vehicle Secondary Use Values
  • Williams, Brett D.; Lipman, Timothy E.
  • Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2191, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3141/2191-08
journal January 2010
A Critical Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Processes from a Circular Economy Perspective journal November 2019
Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements journal March 2019
Management of Waste Batteries and Accumulators: Quest of European Union Goals journal October 2021
Progress and Status of Hydrometallurgical and Direct Recycling of Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond journal February 2020
Direct Recycling R&D at the ReCell Center journal May 2021
Key Challenges and Opportunities for Recycling Electric Vehicle Battery Materials journal July 2020
Treatment of Electric Vehicle Battery Waste in China: a Review of Existing Policies journal May 2021
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges journal February 2018