Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
Abstract
We use a recent census of the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxy population to constrain the lifetime of particle dark matter (DM). We consider two-body decaying dark matter (DDM) in which a heavy DM particle decays with lifetime $$\tau$$ comparable to the age of the Universe to a lighter DM particle (with mass splitting $$\epsilon$$) and to a dark radiation species. These decays impart a characteristic "kick velocity," $$V_{\mathrm{kick}}=\epsilon c$$, on the DM daughter particles, significantly depleting the DM content of low-mass subhalos and making them more susceptible to tidal disruption. We fit the suppression of the present-day DDM subhalo mass function (SHMF) as a function of $$\tau$$ and $$V_{\mathrm{kick}}$$ using a suite of high-resolution zoom-in simulations of MW-mass halos, and we validate this model on new DDM simulations of systems specifically chosen to resemble the MW. We implement our DDM SHMF predictions in a forward model that incorporates inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution and detectability of MW satellites and uncertainties in the mapping between galaxies and DM halos, the properties of the MW system, and the disruption of subhalos by the MW disk using an empirical model for the galaxy--halo connection. By comparing to the observed MW satellite population, we conservatively exclude DDM models with $$\tau < 18\ \mathrm{Gyr}$$ ($$29\ \mathrm{Gyr}$$) for $$V_{\mathrm{kick}}=20\ \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$$ ($$40\ \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$$) at $$95\%$$ confidence. These constraints are among the most stringent and robust small-scale structure limits on the DM particle lifetime and strongly disfavor DDM models that have been proposed to alleviate the Hubble and $$S_8$$ tensions.
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- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- DES Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2281414
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1854891; OSTI ID: 1874584; OSTI ID: 1883719; OSTI ID: 1975927
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-21-690-PPD; arXiv:2201.11740
Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359; AC05-00OR22725; SC0019193
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Volume: 932 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
- Publisher:
- American Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; dark matter; Milky Way dark matter halo; galaxy abundance
Citation Formats
Mau, S., Nadler, E. O., Wechsler, R. H., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Green, G., Huterer, D., Li, T. S., Mao, Y. -Y., Martínez-Vázquez, C. E., McNanna, M., Mutlu-Pakdil, B., Pace, A. B., Peter, A., Riley, A. H., Strigari, L., Wang, M. -Y., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., Vicente, J. De, Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Weller, J., and DES Collaboration). Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6e65.
Mau, S., Nadler, E. O., Wechsler, R. H., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Green, G., Huterer, D., Li, T. S., Mao, Y. -Y., Martínez-Vázquez, C. E., McNanna, M., Mutlu-Pakdil, B., Pace, A. B., Peter, A., Riley, A. H., Strigari, L., Wang, M. -Y., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., Vicente, J. De, Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Weller, J., & DES Collaboration). Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6e65
Mau, S., Nadler, E. O., Wechsler, R. H., Drlica-Wagner, A., Bechtol, K., Green, G., Huterer, D., Li, T. S., Mao, Y. -Y., Martínez-Vázquez, C. E., McNanna, M., Mutlu-Pakdil, B., Pace, A. B., Peter, A., Riley, A. H., Strigari, L., Wang, M. -Y., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., Pereira, M. E. S., Davis, T. M., Vicente, J. De, Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morgan, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Pieres, A., Rodriguez-Monroy, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Weller, J., and DES Collaboration). Mon .
"Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6e65.
@article{osti_2281414,
title = {Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies},
author = {Mau, S. and Nadler, E. O. and Wechsler, R. H. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Bechtol, K. and Green, G. and Huterer, D. and Li, T. S. and Mao, Y. -Y. and Martínez-Vázquez, C. E. and McNanna, M. and Mutlu-Pakdil, B. and Pace, A. B. and Peter, A. and Riley, A. H. and Strigari, L. and Wang, M. -Y. and Aguena, M. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Bacon, D. and Bertin, E. and Bocquet, S. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Costanzi, M. and Crocce, M. and Pereira, M. E. S. and Davis, T. M. and Vicente, J. De and Desai, S. and Doel, P. and Ferrero, I. and Flaugher, B. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gatti, M. and Giannini, G. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Hinton, S. R. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kuehn, K. and Lahav, O. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Miquel, R. and Mohr, J. J. and Morgan, R. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Pieres, A. and Rodriguez-Monroy, M. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and To, C. and Tucker, D. L. and Weller, J. and DES Collaboration)},
abstractNote = {We use a recent census of the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxy population to constrain the lifetime of particle dark matter (DM). We consider two-body decaying dark matter (DDM) in which a heavy DM particle decays with lifetime $\tau$ comparable to the age of the Universe to a lighter DM particle (with mass splitting $\epsilon$) and to a dark radiation species. These decays impart a characteristic "kick velocity," $V_{\mathrm{kick}}=\epsilon c$, on the DM daughter particles, significantly depleting the DM content of low-mass subhalos and making them more susceptible to tidal disruption. We fit the suppression of the present-day DDM subhalo mass function (SHMF) as a function of $\tau$ and $V_{\mathrm{kick}}$ using a suite of high-resolution zoom-in simulations of MW-mass halos, and we validate this model on new DDM simulations of systems specifically chosen to resemble the MW. We implement our DDM SHMF predictions in a forward model that incorporates inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution and detectability of MW satellites and uncertainties in the mapping between galaxies and DM halos, the properties of the MW system, and the disruption of subhalos by the MW disk using an empirical model for the galaxy--halo connection. By comparing to the observed MW satellite population, we conservatively exclude DDM models with $\tau < 18\ \mathrm{Gyr}$ ($29\ \mathrm{Gyr}$) for $V_{\mathrm{kick}}=20\ \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ ($40\ \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$) at $95\%$ confidence. These constraints are among the most stringent and robust small-scale structure limits on the DM particle lifetime and strongly disfavor DDM models that have been proposed to alleviate the Hubble and $S_8$ tensions.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac6e65},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
number = 2,
volume = 932,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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