3D LiMn2O4nThin Film Deposited by ALD: A Road toward High-Capacity Electrode for 3D Li-Ion Microbatteries

Hallot, Maxime; Nikitin, Viktor; Lebedev, Oleg I.; Retoux, Richard; Troadec, David; De Andrade, Vincent; Roussel, Pascal; Lethien, Christophe

doi:10.1002/smll.202107054

Title: 3D LiMn₂O₄nThin Film Deposited by ALD: A Road toward High-Capacity Electrode for 3D Li-Ion Microbatteries

Journal Article · 17 February 2022 · Small

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202107054 · OSTI ID:1882425

Hallot, Maxime ^[1]; Nikitin, Viktor ^[2]; Lebedev, Oleg I. ^[3]; Retoux, Richard ^[3]; Troadec, David ^[4]; De Andrade, Vincent ^[2]; Roussel, Pascal ^[5];

^[6]

Univ. Lille (France); Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Lille (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Caen (France)
Univ. Lille (France); Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Lille (France)
Univ. Lille (France)
Univ. Lille (France); Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Lille (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris (France)

Miniaturized electronics suffer from a lack of energy autonomy. In that context, the fabrication of lithium-ion solid-state microbatteries with high performance is mandatory for powering the next generation of portable electronic devices. Here, the fabrication of a thin film positive electrode for 3D Li-ion microbatteries made by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method and in situ lithiation step is demonstrated. The 3D electrodes based on spinel LiMn₂O₄ films operate at high working potential (4.1 V vs Li/Li⁺) and are capable of delivering a remarkable surface capacity (approximate to 180 mu Ah cm^-2) at low C-rate while maintaining more than 40 mu Ah cm^-2 at C/2 (time constant = 2 h). Both the thickness of the electrode material and the 3D gain of the template are carefully tuned to maximize the electrode performance. Further, advanced characterization techniques such as transmission electron and X-ray transmission microscopies are proposed as perfect tools to study the conformality of the deposited films and the interfaces between each layer: no interdiffusion or segregation are observed. This work represents a major issue towards the fabrication of 3D-lithiated electrode by ALD-without any prelithiation step by electrochemical technique-making it an attractive solution for the fabrication of 3D Li-ion solid-state microbatteries with semiconductor processing methods.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); French National Research Agency (ANR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1882425

Journal Information:: Small, Journal Name: Small Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 18; ISSN 1613-6810

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: 3D LiMn2O4nThin Film Deposited by ALD: A Road toward High-Capacity Electrode for 3D Li-Ion Microbatteries

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Title: 3D LiMn₂O₄nThin Film Deposited by ALD: A Road toward High-Capacity Electrode for 3D Li-Ion Microbatteries