Reaching for the Edge I: probing the outskirts of massive galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Li, Jiaxuan; Huang, Song; Leauthaud, Alexie; Moustakas, John; Danieli, Shany; Greene, Jenny E.; Abraham, Roberto; Ardila, Felipe; Kado-Fong, Erin; Lokhorst, Deborah; Lupton, Robert; Price, Paul

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2121

Title: Reaching for the Edge I: probing the outskirts of massive galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Journal Article · 28 July 2022 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2121 · OSTI ID:1882264

;

; Price, Paul

ABSTRACT The outer light (stellar haloes) of massive galaxies has recently emerged as a possible low scatter tracer of dark matter halo mass. To test the robustness of outer light measurements across different data sets, we compare the 1D azimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles of massive galaxies using four independent data sets: the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC), the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and the Dragonfly Wide Field Survey (Dragonfly). We test the sky subtraction and proposed corrections for HSC and DECaLS. For galaxies at z < 0.05, Dragonfly has the best control of systematics, reaching surface brightness levels of μr ≈ 30 mag arcsec−2. At 0.19 < z < 0.50, HSC can reliably recover individual surface brightness profiles to μr ≈ 28.5 mag arcsec−2 (R = 100–150 kpc in semimajor axis). In a statistical sense, DECaLS agrees with HSC to R > 200 kpc. DECaLS and HSC measurements of the stellar mass contained within 100 kpc agree within 0.05 dex. Finally, we use weak lensing to show that measurements of outer light with DECaLS at 0.19 < z < 0.50 show a similar promise as HSC as a low scatter proxy of halo mass. The tests and results from this paper represent an important step forward for accurate measurements of the outer light of massive galaxies and demonstrate that outer light measurements from DECam imaging will be a promising method for finding galaxy clusters.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Siena College, Loudonville, NY (United States); University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019301; SC0020086

OSTI ID:: 1882264

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 515; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (117)

Retrieving cirrus microphysical properties from stellar aureoles DeVore, J. G.; Kristl, J. A.; Rappaport, S. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50440	journal	June 2013
GalSim: The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit Rowe, B. T. P.; Jarvis, M.; Mandelbaum, R. Astronomy and Computing, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2015.02.002	journal	April 2015
Intragroup and Intracluster Light Mihos, J. Christopher Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. 11, Issue S317 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921315006857	journal	August 2015
The MESSIER surveyor: unveiling the ultra-low surface brightness universe Valls-Gabaud, David Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. 11, Issue S321 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921316011388	journal	March 2016
Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation Vogelsberger, M.; Genel, S.; Springel, V. Nature, Vol. 509, Issue 7499 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13316	journal	May 2014
Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy Robitaille, Thomas P.; Tollerud, Erik J.; Greenfield, Perry Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 558 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322068	journal	September 2013
The influence of diffuse scattered light: I. The PSF and its role in observations of the edge-on galaxy NGC 5907 Sandin, Christer Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 567 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423429	journal	July 2014
The Fornax Deep Survey with the VST: V. Exploring the faintest regions of the bright early-type galaxies inside the virial radius Iodice, E.; Spavone, M.; Capaccioli, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 623 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833741	journal	February 2019
The Fornax Deep Survey with VST Spavone, M.; Iodice, E.; van de Ven, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 639 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038015	journal	July 2020
VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey Ragusa, Rossella; Spavone, Marilena; Iodice, Enrichetta Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 651 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039921	journal	July 2021
Introducing the LBT Imaging of Galactic Halos and Tidal Structures (LIGHTS) survey Trujillo, Ignacio; D’Onofrio, Mauro; Zaritsky, Dennis Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 654 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141603	journal	October 2021
PSF far wings and “red halo" in the photometry of galaxies: One more source of errors Michard, R. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 384, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20011813	journal	March 2002
The VIMOS VLT deep survey: First epoch VVDS-deep survey: 11 564 spectra with 17.5 Le Fèvre, O.; Vettolani, G.; Garilli, B. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 439, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041960	journal	August 2005
The structure of galactic disks: Studying late-type spiral galaxies using SDSS Pohlen, M.; Trujillo, I. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 454, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20064883	journal	July 2006
SExtractor: Software for source extraction Bertin, E.; Arnouts, S. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 117, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996164	journal	June 1996
The Telescope Point Spread Function Racine, Rene Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 108 https://doi.org/10.1086/133788	journal	August 1996
Secondary standard stars for absolute spectrophotometry Oke, J. B.; Gunn, J. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 266 https://doi.org/10.1086/160817	journal	March 1983
Stellar spectrophotometric atlas, wavelengths from 3130 to 10800 A Gunn, J. E.; Stryker, L. L. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 52 https://doi.org/10.1086/190861	journal	June 1983
The Average Mass and Light Profiles of Galaxy Clusters Carlberg, R. G.; Yee, H. K. C.; Ellingson, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 478, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/303805	journal	April 1997
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function Chabrier, Gilles Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 115, Issue 809 https://doi.org/10.1086/376392	journal	July 2003
Preparing Red‐Green‐Blue Images from CCD Data Lupton, Robert; Blanton, Michael R.; Fekete, George Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 116, Issue 816 https://doi.org/10.1086/382245	journal	February 2004
K ‐band Properties of Galaxy Clusters and Groups: Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light Lin, Yen‐Ting; Mohr, Joseph J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 617, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/425412	journal	December 2004
Intracluster Light in Nearby Galaxy Clusters: Relationship to the Halos of Brightest Cluster Galaxies Gonzalez, Anthony H.; Zabludoff, Ann I.; Zaritsky, Dennis The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 618, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/425896	journal	January 2005
Optical and Near‐Infrared Color Profiles in Nearby Early‐Type Galaxies and the Implied Age and Metallicity Gradients Wu, Hong; Shao, Zhengyi; Mo, H. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 622, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/427821	journal	March 2005
Diffuse Light in the Virgo Cluster Mihos, J. Christopher; Harding, Paul; Feldmeier, John The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 631, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/497030	journal	August 2005
The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Gunn, James E.; Siegmund, Walter A.; Mannery, Edward J. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1086/500975	journal	April 2006
The Formation and Evolution of Intracluster Light Rudick, Craig S.; Mihos, J. Christopher; McBride, Cameron The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 648, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/506176	journal	September 2006
The Luminosities, Sizes, and Velocity Dispersions of Brightest Cluster Galaxies: Implications for Formation History Bernardi, Mariangela; Hyde, Joseph B.; Sheth, Ravi K. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 133, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1086/511783	journal	March 2007
Diffuse Optical Light in Galaxy Clusters. II. Correlations with Cluster Properties Krick, J. E.; Bernstein, R. A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 134, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/518787	journal	June 2007
The Optical Extragalactic Background Light: Revisions and Further Comments Bernstein, Rebecca A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 666, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/519824	journal	September 2007
Confirmation of the Remarkable Compactness of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ~ 2.3: Early-Type Galaxies Did not Form in a Simple Monolithic Collapse van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Franx, Marijn; Kriek, Mariska The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 677, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/587874	journal	March 2008
Removing Internal Reflections from Deep Imaging Data Sets Slater, Colin T.; Harding, Paul; Mihos, J. Christopher Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 121, Issue 885 https://doi.org/10.1086/648457	journal	November 2009
Ultra–Low Surface Brightness Imaging with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array Abraham, Roberto G.; van Dokkum, Pieter G. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 126, Issue 935 https://doi.org/10.1086/674875	journal	January 2014
The Frequency of Tidal Features Associated with Nearby Luminous Elliptical Galaxies from a Statistically Complete Sample Tal, Tomer; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Nelan, Jenica The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 138, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/138/5/1417	journal	October 2009
Improved Background Subtraction for the Sloan Digital sky Survey Images Blanton, Michael R.; Kazin, Eyal; Muna, Demitri The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 142, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/142/1/31	journal	June 2011
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of Sdss-Iii Dawson, Kyle S.; Schlegel, David J.; Ahn, Christopher P. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 145, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/145/1/10	journal	December 2012
The two Phases of Galaxy Formation Oser, Ludwig; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.; Naab, Thorsten The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 725, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2312	journal	December 2010
The Faint Stellar Halos of Massive red Galaxies from Stacks of more than 42,000 sdss lrg Images Tal, Tomer; van Dokkum, Pieter G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 731, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/89	journal	March 2011
The Quantity of Intracluster Light: Comparing Theoretical and Observational Measurement Techniques Using Simulated Clusters Rudick, Craig S.; Mihos, J. Christopher; McBride, Cameron K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 732, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/48	journal	April 2011
The Stellar Initial mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies from Absorption line Spectroscopy. i. data and Empirical Trends van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Conroy, Charlie The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 760, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/70	journal	November 2012
The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. iii. the Three-Component Structure of Nearby Elliptical Galaxies Huang, Song; Ho, Luis C.; Peng, Chien Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 766, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/766/1/47	journal	March 2013
PRIMUS: CONSTRAINTS ON STAR FORMATION QUENCHING AND GALAXY MERGING, AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE STELLAR MASS FUNCTION FROM z = 0-1 Moustakas, John; Coil, Alison L.; Aird, James The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 767, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/50	journal	March 2013
redMaPPer. I. ALGORITHM AND SDSS DR8 CATALOG Rykoff, E. S.; Rozo, E.; Busha, M. T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 785, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/104	journal	April 2014
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY COADD: 275 deg ² OF DEEP SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY IMAGING ON STRIPE 82 Annis, James; Soares-Santos, Marcelle; Strauss, Michael A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/120	journal	September 2014
Brightest Cluster Galaxies at the Present Epoch Lauer, Tod R.; Postman, Marc; Strauss, Michael A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/797/2/82	journal	December 2014
The Massive Survey. ii. Stellar Population Trends out to Large Radius in Massive Early-Type Galaxies Greene, Jenny E.; Janish, Ryan; Ma, Chung-Pei The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 807, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/11	journal	June 2015
Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies Kormendy, John; Fisher, David B.; Cornell, Mark E. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 182, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/182/1/216	journal	April 2009
The Seventh data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey Abazajian, Kevork N.; Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K.; Agüeros, Marcel A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 182, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/182/2/543	journal	May 2009
First Results from the Dragonfly Telephoto Array: the Apparent lack of a Stellar halo in the Massive Spiral Galaxy m101 van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Abraham, Roberto; Merritt, Allison The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 782, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/782/2/L24	journal	January 2014
CCD surface photometry of elliptical galaxies - I. Observations, reduction and results Jedrzejewski, R. I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 226, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/226.4.747	journal	June 1987
Metallicity gradients in early-type galaxies Carollo, C. M.; Danziger, I. J.; Buson, L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 265, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/265.3.553	journal	December 1993
Stellar and weak lensing profiles of massive galaxies in the Hyper-Suprime Cam survey and in hydrodynamic simulations Ardila, Felipe; Huang, Song; Leauthaud, Alexie Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 500, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3215	journal	October 2020
Galactic accretion and the outer structure of galaxies in the CDM model Cooper, Andrew P.; D'Souza, Richard; Kauffmann, Guinevere Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 434, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1245	journal	August 2013
The massive end of the luminosity and stellar mass functions: dependence on the fit to the light profile Bernardi, M.; Meert, A.; Sheth, R. K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1607	journal	September 2013
Characterizing diffused stellar light in simulated galaxy clusters Cui, Weiguang; Murante, G.; Monaco, P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 437, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1940	journal	November 2013
Parametrizing the stellar haloes of galaxies D'Souza, Richard; Kauffman, Guinevere; Wang, Jing Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 443, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1194	journal	July 2014
A cluster finding algorithm based on the multiband identification of red sequence galaxies Oguri, Masamune Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 444, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1446	journal	August 2014
Introducing the Illustris Project: simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe Vogelsberger, Mark; Genel, Shy; Springel, Volker Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 444, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1536	journal	August 2014
The ATLAS3D project – XXIX. The new look of early-type galaxies and surrounding fields disclosed by extremely deep optical images Duc, Pierre-Alain; Cuillandre, Jean-Charles; Karabal, Emin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2019	journal	November 2014
Surface photometry of brightest cluster galaxies and intracluster stars in ΛCDM Cooper, A. P.; Gao, L.; Guo, Q. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 451, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1042	journal	June 2015
The IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project: a wide-area survey for faint surface brightness astronomy Fliri, Jürgen; Trujillo, Ignacio Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 456, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2686	journal	December 2015
Coevolution of brightest cluster galaxies and intracluster light using CLASH Burke, Claire; Hilton, Matt; Collins, Chris Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 449, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv450	journal	March 2015
The cosmic assembly of stellar haloes in massive Early-Type Galaxies Buitrago, Fernando; Trujillo, Ignacio; Curtis-Lake, Emma Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3382	journal	January 2017
The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente; Pillepich, Annalisa; Sales, Laura V. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 458, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw456	journal	February 2016
Comparing PyMorph and SDSS photometry. I. Background sky and model fitting effects Fischer, J. -L.; Bernardi, M.; Meert, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx136	journal	January 2017
Lensing is low: cosmology, galaxy formation or new physics? Leauthaud, Alexie; Saito, Shun; Hilbert, Stefan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx258	journal	February 2017
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies Pillepich, Annalisa; Nelson, Dylan; Hernquist, Lars Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3112	journal	December 2017
Individual stellar haloes of massive galaxies measured to 100 kpc at 0.3 < z < 0.5 using Hyper Suprime-Cam Huang, Song; Leauthaud, Alexie; Greene, Jenny E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3200	journal	December 2017
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: matter and galaxy clustering Springel, Volker; Pakmor, Rüdiger; Pillepich, Annalisa Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3304	journal	December 2017
Comparing pymorph and SDSS photometry – II. The differences are more than semantics and are not dominated by intracluster light Bernardi, M.; Fischer, J. -L.; Sheth, R. K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 468, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx677	journal	March 2017
Intracluster light: a luminous tracer for dark matter in clusters of galaxies Montes, Mireia; Trujillo, Ignacio Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2858	journal	October 2018
The stellar halo of isolated central galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging survey Wang, Wenting; Han, Jiaxin; Sonnenfeld, Alessandro Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1339	journal	May 2019
The haloes and environments of nearby galaxies (HERON) – I. Imaging, sample characteristics, and envelope diameters Rich, R. Michael; Mosenkov, Aleksandr; Lee-Saunders, Henry Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2106	journal	August 2019
Galaxy–Galaxy lensing in HSC: Validation tests and the impact of heterogeneous spectroscopic training sets Speagle, Joshua S.; Leauthaud, Alexie; Huang, Song Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2968	journal	October 2019
Weak lensing reveals a tight connection between dark matter halo mass and the distribution of stellar mass in massive galaxies Huang, Song; Leauthaud, Alexie; Hearin, Andrew Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3314	journal	December 2019
The bright-star masks for the HSC-SSP survey Coupon, Jean; Czakon, Nicole; Bosch, James Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx047	journal	July 2017
Hyper Suprime-Cam: System design and verification of image quality Miyazaki, Satoshi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Kawanomoto, Satoshi Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx063	journal	September 2017
The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and survey design Aihara, Hiroaki; Arimoto, Nobuo; Armstrong, Robert Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx066	journal	September 2017
The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline Bosch, James; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx080	journal	October 2017
The first-year shear catalog of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Survey Mandelbaum, Rachel; Miyatake, Hironao; Hamana, Takashi Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx130	journal	December 2017
Hyper Suprime-Cam: Filters Kawanomoto, Satoshi; Uraguchi, Fumihiro; Komiyama, Yutaka Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy056	journal	June 2018
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment Hunter, John D. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55	journal	January 2007
The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation van der Walt, Stéfan; Colbert, S. Chris; Varoquaux, Gaël Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2011.37	journal	March 2011
Intergalactic stars in z 0.25 galaxy clusters: systematic properties from stacking of Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data Zibetti, S.; White, S. D. M.; Schneider, D. P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 358, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08817.x	journal	April 2005
The importance of mergers for the origin of intracluster stars in cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters Murante, G.; Giovalli, M.; Gerhard, O. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 377, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11568.x	journal	May 2007
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): survey diagnostics and core data release: GAMA Driver, S. P.; Hill, D. T.; Kelvin, L. S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 413, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18188.x	journal	March 2011
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): stellar mass estimates: GAMA: stellar mass estimates Taylor, Edward N.; Hopkins, Andrew M.; Baldry, Ivan K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 418, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19536.x	journal	November 2011
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Structural Investigation of Galaxies via Model Analysis Kelvin, Lee S.; Driver, Simon P.; Robotham, Aaron S. G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 421, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20355.x	journal	March 2012
SPIDER - VII. Revealing the stellar population content of massive early-type galaxies out to 8 R _e : Stellar populations of ETGs out to R ≲ 8R La Barbera, F.; Ferreras, I.; de Carvalho, R. R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 426, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21848.x	journal	October 2012
The Australian Space Eye: studying the history of galaxy formation with a CubeSat Horton, Anthony; Spitler, Lee; Mathers, Naomi SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232467	conference	July 2016
Long-wavelength scattered-light halos in ASC CCDs Sirianni, Marco; Clampin, Mark; Hartig, George F. Optical Astronomical Instrumentation https://doi.org/10.1117/12.316832	conference	July 1998
The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) DePoy, D. L.; Abbott, T.; Annis, J. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789466	conference	August 2008
Hyper Suprime-Cam Miyazaki, Satoshi; Komiyama, Yutaka; Nakaya, Hidehiko SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926844	conference	October 2012
The Iraf Data Reduction And Analysis System Tody, Doug 1986 Astronomy Conferences, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.968154	conference	October 1986
PhD thesis Zhang, Zhenxing ACM SIGMultimedia Records, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1145/3264706.3264718	journal	August 2018
THE FORNAX DEEP SURVEY WITH VST. I. THE EXTENDED AND DIFFUSE STELLAR HALO OF NGC 1399 OUT TO 192 kpc Iodice, E.; Capaccioli, M.; Grado, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 820, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/42	journal	March 2016
BEYOND 31 mag arcsec ⁻² : THE FRONTIER OF LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS IMAGING WITH THE LARGEST OPTICAL TELESCOPES Trujillo, Ignacio; Fliri, Jüergen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 823, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/123	journal	May 2016
The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. i. Substantial Variation in the Diffuse Stellar Halos Around Spiral Galaxies Merritt, Allison; Dokkum, Pieter van; Abraham, Roberto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 830, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/62	journal	October 2016
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d	journal	April 2019
The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. ii. Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies near the Elliptical Galaxy ngc 5485 Merritt, Allison; van Dokkum, Pieter; Danieli, Shany The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/168	journal	December 2016
The Burrell Schmidt deep Virgo Survey: Tidal Debris, Galaxy Halos, and Diffuse Intracluster Light in the Virgo Cluster Mihos, J. Christopher; Harding, Paul; Feldmeier, John J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 834, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/16	journal	December 2016
Testing the Presence of Multiple Photometric Components in Nearby Early-type Galaxies Using SDSS Oh, Semyeong; Greene, Jenny E.; Lackner, Claire N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 836, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/115	journal	February 2017
The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. II. Fornax A: A Two-phase Assembly Caught in the Act Iodice, E.; Spavone, M.; Capaccioli, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 839, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6846	journal	April 2017
The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. IV. A Giant Stellar Disk in NGC 2841 Zhang, Jielai; Abraham, Roberto; van Dokkum, Pieter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaac81	journal	March 2018
Tidal Features at 0.05 < z < 0.45 in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program: Properties and Formation Channels Kado-Fong, E.; Greene, J. E.; Hendel, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae0f0	journal	October 2018
The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. V. HST /ACS Observations of 23 Low Surface Brightness Objects in the Fields of NGC 1052, NGC 1084, M96, and NGC 4258 Cohen, Yotam; Dokkum, Pieter van; Danieli, Shany The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae7c8	journal	November 2018
The MASSIVE Survey. XII. Connecting Stellar Populations of Early-type Galaxies to Kinematics and Environment Greene, Jenny E.; Veale, Melanie; Ma, Chung-Pei The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab01e3	journal	March 2019
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products Ivezić, Željko; Kahn, Steven M.; Tyson, J. Anthony The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c	journal	March 2019
Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Detection of Intracluster Light at Redshift ∼ 0.25 Zhang, Y.; Yanny, B.; Palmese, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0dfd	journal	April 2019
The MASSIVE Survey XIII. Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics in the Central 1 kpc of 20 Massive Elliptical Galaxies with the GMOS-North Integral Field Spectrograph Ene, Irina; Ma, Chung-Pei; McConnell, Nicholas J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1f04	journal	June 2019
The Dragonfly Wide Field Survey. I. Telescope, Survey Design, and Data Characterization Danieli, Shany; Lokhorst, Deborah; Zhang, Jielai The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 894, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab88a8	journal	May 2020
The Dragonfly Wide Field Survey. II. Accurate Total Luminosities and Colors of Nearby Massive Galaxies and Implications for the Galaxy Stellar-mass Function Miller, Tim B.; Dokkum, Pieter van; Danieli, Shany The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 909, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd7f8	journal	March 2021
Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light: Their Mass Distribution in the Innermost Regions of Groups and Clusters Contini, E.; Gu, Q. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 915, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac01e6	journal	July 2021
Structure of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light Kluge, M.; Neureiter, B.; Riffeser, A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 247, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab733b	journal	March 2020
The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra Ahumada, Romina; Prieto, Carlos Allende; Almeida, Andrés The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 249, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab929e	journal	June 2020
Dragonfly Imaging of the Galaxy NGC 5907: A Different View of the Iconic Stellar Stream van Dokkum, Pieter; Gilhuly, Colleen; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab40c9	journal	September 2019
Ultra faint imaging with the Huntsman Telescope Longbottom, Fergus Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2635363	text	January 2019

Similar Records

SITCOMTN-165: Surface brightness profiles around massive galaxies in LSSTComCam data

Dataset · 2025 · OSTI ID:3000576

Zhou, Conghao; Jeltema, Tesla; von der Linden, Anja; +5 more

SITCOMTN-165: Surface brightness profiles around massive galaxies in LSSTComCam data

Journal Article · 2025 · Vera C. Rubin Observatory Commissioning Technical Note SITCOMTN-165 · OSTI ID:3007265

Zhou, Conghao; Jeltema, Tesla; Von der Linden, Anja; +5 more

THE FAINT STELLAR HALOS OF MASSIVE RED GALAXIES FROM STACKS OF MORE THAN 42,000 SDSS LRG IMAGES

Journal Article · 2011 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:21574723

Tal, Tomer; Van Dokkum, Pieter G

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
cD
elliptical and lenticular
formation
galaxies
photometry
structure

Title: Reaching for the Edge I: probing the outskirts of massive galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly

Citation Formats

References (117)

Similar Records

Related Subjects