SMART Subsea Cables for Observing the Earth and Ocean, Mitigating Environmental Hazards, and Supporting the Blue Economy

Howe, Bruce; Angove, Michael; Aucan, Jerome; Barnes, Christopher R.; Barros, Jose; Bayliff, Nigel; Becker, Nathan C.; Carrilho, Fernando; Fouch, Matthew J.; Fry, Bill; Jamelot, Anthony; Janiszewski, Helen; Kong, Laura S. L.; Lentz, Stephen; Luther, Douglas S.; Marinaro, Giuditta; Matias, Luis Manuel; Rowe, Charlotte Anne; Sakya, Andi Eka; Salaree, Amir; Thiele, Torsten; Tilmann, Frederik J.; von Hildebrandt-Andrade, Christa; Wallace, Laura; Weinstein, Stuart; Wilcock, William

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.775544

Title: SMART Subsea Cables for Observing the Earth and Ocean, Mitigating Environmental Hazards, and Supporting the Blue Economy

Journal Article · 06 February 2022 · Frontiers in Earth Science

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.775544 · OSTI ID:1881812

Howe, Bruce ^[1]; Angove, Michael ^[2]; Aucan, Jerome ^[3]; Barnes, Christopher R. ^[4]; Barros, Jose ^[5]; Bayliff, Nigel ^[6]; Becker, Nathan C. ^[7]; Carrilho, Fernando ^[8]; Fouch, Matthew J. ^[9]; Fry, Bill ^[10]; Jamelot, Anthony ^[11]; Janiszewski, Helen ^[1]; Kong, Laura S. L. ^[7]; Lentz, Stephen ^[12]; Luther, Douglas S. ^[1]; Marinaro, Giuditta ^[13]; Matias, Luis Manuel ^[14];

^[15]; Sakya, Andi Eka ^[16]; Salaree, Amir ^[17] more »

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD (United States)
Pacific Community Centre for Ocean Sciences, Nouméa (New Caledonia)
Univ. of Victoria, BC (Canada)
Autoridade Nacional de Comunicações (ANACOM), Lisbon (Portugal)
Aqua Comms, Dublin (Ireland)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Honolulu, HI (United States)
Instituto Portugues do Mare da Atmosfera, Lisbon (Portugal)
Subsea Data Systems, Inc., Washington, DC (United States)
Geological and Nuclear Sciences Institute (GNS Science), Lower Hutt (New Zealand)
CEA, Laboratoire de Géophysique de Pamatai, Papeete (French-Polynesia)
Ocean Specialists, Inc., McLean, VA (United States)
Istituo Nazionale di Geofisica e Volcanologia, Roma (Italy)
Univ. of Lisbon (Portugal)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
National Agency for Research and Innovation (BRIN), Jakarta (Indonesia); Indonesia Institute of Technology (ITI), Tangerang (Indonesia)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Inst. for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam (Germany)
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (Germany)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Mayagüez, PR (United States)
Geological and Nuclear Sciences Institute (GNS Science), Lower Hutt (New Zealand); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

The Joint Task Force, Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications (JTF SMART) Subsea Cables, is working to integrate environmental sensors for ocean bottom temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration into submarine telecommunications cables. The purpose of SMART Cables is to support climate and ocean observation, sea level monitoring, observations of Earth structure, and tsunami and earthquake early warning and disaster risk reduction, including hazard quantification. Recent advances include regional SMART pilot systems that are the first steps to trans-ocean and global implementation. Examples of pilots include: InSEA wet demonstration project off Sicily at the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory Western Ionian Facility; New Caledonia and Vanuatu; French Polynesia Natitua South system connecting Tahiti to Tubaui to the south; Indonesia starting with short pilot systems working toward systems for the Sumatra-Java megathrust zone; and the CAM-2 ring system connecting Lisbon, Azores, and Madeira. This paper describes observing system simulations for these and other regions. Funding reflects a blend of government, development bank, philanthropic foundation, and commercial contributions. In addition to notable scientific and societal benefits, the telecommunications enterprise’s mission of global connectivity will benefit directly, as environmental awareness improves both the integrity of individual cable systems as well as the resilience of the overall global communications network. SMART cables support the outcomes of a predicted, safe, and transparent ocean as envisioned by the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the Blue Economy. As a continuation of the OceanObs’19 conference and community white paper (Howe et al., 2019, 10.3389/fmars.2019.00424), an overview of the SMART programme and a description of the status of ongoing projects are given.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1881812

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-29030

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Earth Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 9; ISSN 2296-6463

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Seafloor Observatory Science Favali, Paolo; Favali, Paolo; Favali, Paolo Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society https://doi.org/10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.28	conference	December 2010
Insights into Submarine Geohazards from Breaks in Subsea Telecommunication Cables Carter, Lionel; Gavey, Rachel; Talling, Peter Oceanography, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.40	journal	June 2014
EMSO: A Distributed Infrastructure for Addressing Geohazards and Global Ocean Change Best, Mairi; Favali, Paolo; Beranzoli, Laura Oceanography, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.52	journal	June 2014
The Argo Program: Present and Future Jayne, Steven; Roemmich, Dean; Zilberman, Nathalie Oceanography, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.213	journal	June 2017
MOWLAS: NIED observation network for earthquake, tsunami and volcano Aoi, Shin; Asano, Youichi; Kunugi, Takashi figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5114801.v1	collection	January 2020
A numerical study of SMART Cables potential in marine hazard early warning for the Sumatra and Java regions Salaree, Amir University of Michigan https://doi.org/10.7302/0jmy-pa60	dataset	January 2021

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