Amorphization and Crystallization of Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Using Conventional DSC and Flash DSC

Koh, Yung P.; Fondren, Zachary T.; Denton, Aric A.; Simon, Sindee L.; McKenna, Gregory B.

doi:10.1002/prep.202100366

Title: Amorphization and Crystallization of Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Using Conventional DSC and Flash DSC

Journal Article · 02 August 2022 · Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100366 · OSTI ID:1879761

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Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409–3121 USA, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695–7905 USA
Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409–3121 USA, CCDC-AC Picatinny Arsenal NJ 07806 USA
Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409–3121 USA

Abstract The present work presents results from an investigation of the glass transition and crystallization behaviors of HNAB tested over more than five orders of magnitude of cooling rate from 0.005 °C/s to 600 °C/s (0.3 to 36000 °C/min) by a combination of conventional and Flash differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The work quantifies the influence of the thermal amorphization route on the properties of this high explosive. Cooling rates faster than 100 °C/s (6000 °C/min) result in amorphous HNAB as expected from prior work, but we also find that amorphization of the HNAB occurs at cooling rates slower than 0.008 °C/s (0.5 °C/min). The behavior of the amorphous HNAB made by slow cooling is compared with that of amorphous HNAB made by fast cooling, as well as with that made by solvent casting in terms of glass transition temperature, apparent activation energy of glass transition, and dynamic fragility parameter m . Besides, the non‐isothermal crystallization response as a function of cooling rate is also reported. The thermal stability and decomposition energy of amorphous HNAB are compared with those of the crystalline counterpart, being similar heats of decomposition of 3295 and 3392 J/g, respectively; suggesting that the amorphous HNAB will have similar thermal stability and chemical energy to the crystalline form.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1879761

Journal Information:: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Journal Name: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 47; ISSN 0721-3115

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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