Insights from Computational Studies on the Anisotropic Volume Change of LixNiO2 at High States of Charge (x < 0.25)

Garcia, Juan C.; Gabriel, Joshua; Paulson, Noah H.; Low, John; Stan, Marius; Iddir, Hakim

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08022

Title: Insights from Computational Studies on the Anisotropic Volume Change of Li_xNiO₂ at High States of Charge (x < 0.25)

Journal Article · 01 December 2021 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08022 · OSTI ID:1878516

^[1]; Gabriel, Joshua ^[1];

^[1]; Low, John ^[1]; Stan, Marius ^[1];

^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

The need for high-capacity Li-ion battery cathodes has favored the increase of Ni content in commercial battery cells. However, at high states of charge (SOCs), Ni-rich materials undergo a phase transition and volume collapse with deleterious effects on battery performance. It is uncertain whether this drastic volume change is caused by the phase transition or not. To provide more insight into the volume-phase transition relationship in the high Ni cathode LixNiO₂, we performed density functional theory calculations, along with molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials to calculate the temperature- and composition-dependent free energy differences between the suspected phases at high SOCs (x < 0.25). Herein, we find that the calculated free energy difference between the suspected phases containing different oxygen stacking sequences is small at room temperature. Furthermore, we find that the collapse of the layered LiNiO₂ c-lattice parameter at high SOCs is mainly due to the electronic depletion of the oxygen sublattice and the lack of screening from positive Li ions. The interactions between adjacent oxygen ions across an empty Li layer (NiO₂) are largely controlled by van der Waals interactions and are in fact similar regardless of the oxygen stacking, which explains the negligible free energy differences between O1 and O3 stacking in NiO₂.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1878516

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C Journal Issue: 49 Vol. 125; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Insights from Computational Studies on the Anisotropic Volume Change of Li_xNiO₂ at High States of Charge (x < 0.25)