N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: Role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry

Rastetter, Edward B.; Kwiatkowski, Bonnie L.; Kicklighter, David W.; Barker Plotkin, Audrey; Genet, Helene; Nippert, Jesse B.; O'Keefe, Kimberly; Perakis, Steven S.; Porder, Stephen; Roley, Sarah S.; Ruess, Roger W.; Thompson, Jonathan R.; Wieder, William R.; Wilcox, Kevin; Yanai, Ruth D.

doi:10.1002/eap.2684

Title: N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: Role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry

Journal Article · 25 July 2022 · Ecological Applications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2684 · OSTI ID:1877769

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The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham Massachusetts USA
Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA
Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
Department of Biological Sciences Saint Edward's University Austin Texas USA
U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Corvallis Oregon USA
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Institute for Environment and Society, Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA
School of the Environment Washington State University Richland Washington USA, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan USA
Department of Biology and Wildlife Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
Department of Sustainable Resources Management SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse New York USA

Abstract We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine responses of 12 ecosystems to elevated carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in precipitation. Ecosystems respond synergistically to elevated CO ₂ , warming, and decreased precipitation combined because higher water‐use efficiency with elevated CO ₂ and higher fertility with warming compensate for responses to drought. Response to elevated CO ₂ , warming, and increased precipitation combined is additive. We analyze changes in ecosystem carbon (C) based on four nitrogen (N) and four phosphorus (P) attribution factors: (1) changes in total ecosystem N and P, (2) changes in N and P distribution between vegetation and soil, (3) changes in vegetation C:N and C:P ratios, and (4) changes in soil C:N and C:P ratios. In the combined CO ₂ and climate change simulations, all ecosystems gain C. The contributions of these four attribution factors to changes in ecosystem C storage varies among ecosystems because of differences in the initial distributions of N and P between vegetation and soil and the openness of the ecosystem N and P cycles. The net transfer of N and P from soil to vegetation dominates the C response of forests. For tundra and grasslands, the C gain is also associated with increased soil C:N and C:P. In ecosystems with symbiotic N fixation, C gains resulted from N accumulation. Because of differences in N versus P cycle openness and the distribution of organic matter between vegetation and soil, changes in the N and P attribution factors do not always parallel one another. Differences among ecosystems in C‐nutrient interactions and the amount of woody biomass interact to shape ecosystem C sequestration under simulated global change. We suggest that future studies quantify the openness of the N and P cycles and changes in the distribution of C, N, and P among ecosystem components, which currently limit understanding of nutrient effects on C sequestration and responses to elevated CO ₂ and climate change.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019037

OSTI ID:: 1877769

Journal Information:: Ecological Applications, Journal Name: Ecological Applications Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 32; ISSN 1051-0761

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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