DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Unraveling the Correlation between Raman and Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS 2 through Machine‐Learning Models

Journal Article · · Advanced Materials
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [1];  [5]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
  2. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
  4. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA, Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science &, Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
  5. Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science &, Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia, Department of Chemical System Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo 113–8654 Japan

Abstract 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with intense and tunable photoluminescence (PL) have opened up new opportunities for optoelectronic and photonic applications such as light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and single‐photon emitters. Among the standard characterization tools for 2D materials, Raman spectroscopy stands out as a fast and non‐destructive technique capable of probing material's crystallinity and perturbations such as doping and strain. However, a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between photoluminescence and Raman spectra in monolayer MoS 2 remains elusive due to its highly nonlinear nature. Here, the connections between PL signatures and Raman modes are systematically explored, providing comprehensive insights into the physical mechanisms correlating PL and Raman features. This study's analysis further disentangles the strain and doping contributions from the Raman spectra through machine‐learning models. First, a dense convolutional network (DenseNet) to predict PL maps by spatial Raman maps is deployed. Moreover, a gradient boosted trees model (XGBoost) with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to bridge the impact of individual Raman features in PL features is applied. Last, a support vector machine (SVM) to project PL features on Raman frequencies is adopted. This work may serve as a methodology for applying machine learning to characterizations of 2D materials.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0021940
OSTI ID:
1877718
Journal Information:
Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 34 Vol. 34; ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

References (36)

From Bulk to Monolayer MoS2: Evolution of Raman Scattering journal January 2012
In Situ Oxygen Doping of Monolayer MoS 2 for Novel Electronics journal September 2020
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning book January 2006
Optically Pumped Two-Dimensional MoS 2 Lasers Operating at Room-Temperature journal July 2015
Band Gap Engineering with Ultralarge Biaxial Strains in Suspended Monolayer MoS 2 journal August 2016
Strain-Mediated Interlayer Coupling Effects on the Excitonic Behaviors in an Epitaxially Grown MoS 2 /WS 2 van der Waals Heterobilayer journal August 2017
Electronic Band Tuning and Multivalley Raman Scattering in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides at High Pressures journal April 2022
Machine-Learning Analysis to Predict the Exciton Valley Polarization Landscape of 2D Semiconductors journal October 2019
Strained Bubbles in van der Waals Heterostructures as Local Emitters of Photoluminescence with Adjustable Wavelength journal January 2019
Bandgap Engineering of Strained Monolayer and Bilayer MoS2 journal July 2013
Intervalley scattering by acoustic phonons in two-dimensional MoS2 revealed by double-resonance Raman spectroscopy journal March 2017
Optical separation of mechanical strain from charge doping in graphene journal January 2012
Optoelectronic crystal of artificial atoms in strain-textured molybdenum disulphide journal June 2015
Light-emitting diodes by band-structure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures journal February 2015
Strain-engineered artificial atom as a broad-spectrum solar energy funnel journal November 2012
A guide to machine learning for biologists journal September 2021
Machine learning for molecular and materials science journal July 2018
Advancing mathematics by guiding human intuition with AI journal December 2021
From local explanations to global understanding with explainable AI for trees journal January 2020
Strong and efficient doping of monolayer MoS 2 by a graphene electrode journal January 2019
Optical detection of strain and doping inhomogeneities in single layer MoS 2 journal April 2016
Band gap engineering of MoS 2 upon compression journal April 2016
Substrate-induced strain and charge doping in CVD-grown monolayer MoS 2 journal October 2017
Identifying suitable substrates for high-quality graphene-based heterostructures journal February 2017
Deep learning in electron microscopy journal March 2021
In Situ Monitoring of the Thermal-Annealing Effect in a Monolayer of MoS 2 journal March 2017
Raman-scattering measurements and first-principles calculations of strain-induced phonon shifts in monolayer MoS 2 journal February 2013
Densely Connected Convolutional Networks conference July 2017
MSRF-Net: A Multi-Scale Residual Fusion Network for Biomedical Image Segmentation journal May 2022
SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentation journal December 2017
Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in MoS2 journal November 2015
Electrical suppression of all nonradiative recombination pathways in monolayer semiconductors journal May 2019
A comprehensive comparison of random forests and support vector machines for microarray-based cancer classification journal January 2008
Analysis of Explainers of Black Box Deep Neural Networks for Computer Vision: A Survey journal December 2021
Machine Learning Analysis of Raman Spectra of MoS2 journal November 2020
Hyperspectral Images Classification Based on Dense Convolutional Networks with Spectral-Wise Attention Mechanism journal January 2019