DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Cell wall biology of the moss Physcomitrium patens

Journal Article · · Journal of Experimental Botany

Abstract The moss Physcomitrium (previously Physcomitrella) patens is a non-vascular plant belonging to the bryophytes that has been used as a model species to study the evolution of plant cell wall structure and biosynthesis. Here, we present an updated review of the cell wall biology of P. patens. Immunocytochemical and structural studies have shown that the cell walls of P. patens mainly contain cellulose, hemicelluloses (xyloglucan, xylan, glucomannan, and arabinoglucan), pectin, and glycoproteins, and their abundance varies among different cell types and at different plant developmental stages. Genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed that a number of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are functionally conserved between P. patens and vascular plants, indicating that the common ancestor of mosses and vascular plants had already acquired most of the biosynthetic machinery to make various cell wall polymers. Although P. patens does not synthesize lignin, homologs of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes exist in P. patens and they play an essential role in the production of caffeate derivatives for cuticle formation. Further genetic and biochemical dissection of cell wall biosynthetic genes in P. patens promises to provide additional insights into the evolutionary history of plant cell wall structure and biosynthesis.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-03ER15415
OSTI ID:
1876658
Journal Information:
Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Name: Journal of Experimental Botany Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 73; ISSN 0022-0957
Publisher:
Oxford University PressCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

References (91)

Identification of an arabinopyranosyltransferase from Physcomitrella patens involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose xyloglucan journal March 2018
Metabolite profiling of the moss Physcomitrella patens reveals evolutionary conservation of osmoprotective substances journal October 2011
Physcomitrella patens arabinogalactan proteins contain abundant terminal 3-O-methyl-l-rhamnosyl residues not found in angiosperms journal July 2007
A CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) gene essential for gametophore morphogenesis in the moss Physcomitrella patens journal January 2012
Immunocytochemical detection of lignin-related epitopes in cell walls in bryophytes and the charalean alga Nitella journal December 2007
Isolation and characterization of the cellulose synthase genes PpCesA6 and PpCesA7 in Physcomitrella patens journal December 2010
The cellulose synthase (CESA) gene superfamily of the moss Physcomitrella patens journal September 2006
Callose: the plant cell wall polysaccharide with multiple biological functions journal September 2012
Galactoglucomannan from the secondary cell wall of Picea abies L. Karst journal November 2000
An Evolving Hierarchical Family Classification for Glycosyltransferases journal April 2003
Isolation and characterization of galactoglucomannan from spruce ( Picea abies ) journal April 2002
Evolution of plant cell wall: Arabinogalactan-proteins from three moss genera show structural differences compared to seed plants journal May 2017
Harnessing lignin evolution for biotechnological applications journal April 2019
NO GAMETOPHORES 2 Is a Novel Regulator of the 2D to 3D Growth Transition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens journal February 2021
A Xyloglucan Backbone 6-O-Acetyltransferase from Brachypodium distachyon Modulates Xyloglucan Xylosylation journal April 2016
Identification of a 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene family in the moss, Physcomitrella patens journal October 2008
Modification of the degree of 4-O-methylation of secondary wall glucuronoxylan journal April 2014
Evolutionary conservation of the transcriptional network regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis journal November 2010
A phenol-enriched cuticle is ancestral to lignin evolution in land plants journal March 2017
Comparative Structural and Computational Analysis Supports Eighteen Cellulose Synthases in the Plant Cellulose Synthesis Complex journal June 2016
In vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils by a membrane protein from protoplasts of the non-vascular plant Physcomitrella patens journal August 2015
Molecular characterisation of a membrane-bound galactosyltransferase of plant cell wall matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis journal September 1999
Expression of cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes in insect cells reveals that CslA family members encode mannan synthases journal January 2005
Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana journal September 2007
Absence of branches from xylan in Arabidopsis gux mutants reveals potential for simplification of lignocellulosic biomass journal September 2010
4-O-methylation of glucuronic acid in Arabidopsis glucuronoxylan is catalyzed by a domain of unknown function family 579 protein journal August 2012
The synthesis of xyloglucan, an abundant plant cell wall polysaccharide, requires CSLC function journal July 2020
Two Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferases Catalyze the Addition of Multiple Xylosyl Residues to Cellohexaose journal September 2006
Evidence for an intramembrane component associated with a cellulose microfibril-synthesizing complex in higher plants journal February 1980
Visualization of particle complexes in the plasma membrane of Micrasterias denticulata associated with the formation of cellulose fibrils in primary and secondary cell walls journal February 1980
Primary Cell Wall Composition of Bryophytes and Charophytes journal January 2003
Novel localization of callose in the spores of Physcomitrella patens and phylogenomics of the callose synthase gene family journal January 2009
Moss and liverwort xyloglucans contain galacturonic acid and are structurally distinct from the xyloglucans synthesized by hornworts and vascular plants* journal August 2008
The ability of land plants to synthesize glucuronoxylans predates the evolution of tracheophytes journal November 2011
Proteome analysis of Physcomitrella patens exposed to progressive dehydration and rehydration journal October 2011
Secondary cell walls: biosynthesis and manipulation journal December 2015
RNA-Seq Analysis of Developing Nasturtium Seeds (Tropaeolum majus): Identification and Characterization of an Additional Galactosyltransferase Involved in Xyloglucan Biosynthesis journal September 2012
A Group of O-Acetyltransferases Catalyze Xyloglucan Backbone Acetylation and Can Alter Xyloglucan Xylosylation Pattern and Plant Growth When Expressed in Arabidopsis journal March 2020
A Single Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferase Is Sufficient for Generation of the XXXG Xylosylation Pattern of Xyloglucan journal August 2021
Arabidopsis GUX Proteins Are Glucuronyltransferases Responsible for the Addition of Glucuronic Acid Side Chains onto Xylan journal April 2012
Three Arabidopsis DUF579 Domain-Containing GXM Proteins are Methyltransferases Catalyzing 4-O-Methylation of Glucuronic Acid on Xylan journal October 2012
The Arabidopsis DUF231 Domain-Containing Protein ESK1 Mediates 2-O- and 3-O-Acetylation of Xylosyl Residues in Xylan journal May 2013
Exploiting the Substrate Promiscuity of Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:Shikimate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase to Reduce Lignin journal February 2016
Evolutionary Conservation of Xylan Biosynthetic Genes in Selaginella moellendorffii and Physcomitrella patens journal May 2016
Regiospecific Acetylation of Xylan is Mediated by a Group of DUF231-Containing O-Acetyltransferases journal October 2017
Function of the HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-CoA:SHIKIMATE HYDROXYCINNAMOYL TRANSFERASE is evolutionarily conserved in embryophytes journal February 2021
Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture journal December 2017
Functional Genomic Analysis Supports Conservation of Function Among Cellulose Synthase-Like A Gene Family Members and Suggests Diverse Roles of Mannans in Plants journal February 2007
Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering and Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data Combined to Test Models for Cellulose Microfibrils in Mung Bean Cell Walls journal October 2013
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cellulose Microfibrils from Reconstituted Cellulose Synthase journal August 2017
Functional Specialization of Cellulose Synthase Isoforms in a Moss Shows Parallels with Seed Plants journal August 2017
Revised Phylogeny of the Cellulose Synthase Gene Superfamily: Insights into Cell Wall Evolution journal May 2018
The MUR3 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Xyloglucan Galactosyltransferase That Is Evolutionarily Related to Animal Exostosins journal June 2003
Arabinogalactan Proteins Are Required for Apical Cell Extension in the Moss Physcomitrella patens journal September 2005
Arabidopsis irregular xylem8 and irregular xylem9 : Implications for the Complexity of Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis journal February 2007
A Galacturonic Acid–Containing Xyloglucan Is Involved in Arabidopsis Root Hair Tip Growth journal November 2012
An ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Is Required for Cuticular Wax Deposition and Desiccation Tolerance in the Moss Physcomitrella patens journal October 2013
The Arabidopsis Cellulose Synthase Complex: A Proposed Hexamer of CESA Trimers in an Equimolar Stoichiometry journal December 2014
Functional Characterization of a Glycosyltransferase from the Moss Physcomitrella patens Involved in the Biosynthesis of a Novel Cell Wall Arabinoglucan journal April 2018
The Moss Physcomitrium ( Physcomitrella ) patens : A Model Organism for Non-Seed Plants journal March 2020
Callose synthase (CalS5) is required for exine formation during microgametogenesis and for pollen viability in Arabidopsis: Callose is required for exine formation journal March 2005
High-throughput mapping of cell-wall polymers within and between plants using novel microarrays: Glycan microarrays for plant cell-wall analysis journal June 2007
Comparison of five xylan synthesis mutants reveals new insight into the mechanisms of xylan synthesis journal December 2007
The Arabidopsis IRX10 and IRX10-LIKE glycosyltransferases are critical for glucuronoxylan biosynthesis during secondary cell wall formation journal February 2009
Characterization of IRX10 and IRX10-like reveals an essential role in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis journal February 2009
Distribution of lignin monomers and the evolution of lignification among lower plants: Evolution of lignification among lower plants journal December 2010
Distribution of cell-wall xylans in bryophytes and tracheophytes: new insights into basal interrelationships of land plants journal June 2005
The origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis: Tansley review journal June 2010
Cellulose synthase ‘class specific regions’ are intrinsically disordered and functionally undifferentiated: Intrinsic disorder in cellulose synthases journal March 2018
Phylogenomic delineation of Physcomitrium (Bryophyta: Funariaceae) based on targeted sequencing of nuclear exons and their flanking regions rejects the retention of Physcomitrella , Physcomitridium and Aphanorrhegma journal July 2019
Evolutionary origin of O ‐acetyltransferases responsible for glucomannan acetylation in land plants journal June 2019
Arabidopsis thaliana IRX10 and two related proteins from psyllium and Physcomitrella patens are xylan xylosyltransferases journal September 2014
Two Arabidopsis proteins synthesize acetylated xylan in vitro journal September 2014
Convergent evolution of hetero‐oligomeric cellulose synthesis complexes in mosses and seed plants journal May 2019
Guar Seed  -Mannan Synthase Is a Member of the Cellulose Synthase Super Gene Family journal January 2004
Contribution of NAC Transcription Factors to Plant Adaptation to Land journal March 2014
Architecture of a catalytically active homotrimeric plant cellulose synthase complex journal July 2020
Evolving Views of Pectin Biosynthesis journal April 2013
Biosynthesis of the Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharide Xyloglucan journal April 2016
The Cell Biology of Cellulose Synthesis journal April 2014
Comparative genome analysis of lignin biosynthesis gene families across the plant kingdom journal January 2009
Partial functional conservation of IRX10 homologs in physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana indicates an evolutionary step contributing to vascular formation in land plants journal January 2013
Phylogenetic analysis of pectin-related gene families in Physcomitrella patens and nine other plant species yields evolutionary insights into cell walls journal January 2014
The Glycosyltransferase Repertoire of the Spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii and a Comparative Study of Its Cell Wall journal May 2012
Evolutionary history of callose synthases in terrestrial plants with emphasis on proteins involved in male gametophyte development journal November 2017
Moss cell walls: structure and biosynthesis journal January 2012
Immuno and Affinity Cytochemical Analysis of Cell Wall Composition in the Moss Physcomitrella patens journal March 2016
Bioinformatics Prediction and Evolution Analysis of Arabinogalactan Proteins in the Plant Kingdom journal January 2017
Three Decades of Advances in Arabinogalactan-Protein Biosynthesis journal December 2020
New Insights on Structures Forming the Lignin-Like Fractions of Ancestral Plants journal October 2021
Evolutionary Implications of a Peroxidase with High Affinity for Cinnamyl Alcohols from Physcomitrium patens, a Non-Vascular Plant journal July 2021

Related Subjects