Title: Additive manufacturing: Frameworks for chemical understanding and advancement in vat photopolymerization

Journal Article · · MRS Bulletin

Abstract Three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), is a broad term for a wide range of fabrication methods utilizing materials such as small-molecule, polymer, and metal feedstocks. Each method requires different chemical, physical, and engineering needs to be successful. This article will discuss some of the considerations for polymer-based AM methods. Ultimately, we focus on the chemistries of vat photopolymerization, in which light is used to cure a resin from liquid to solid, to provide an example of how chemical advancements have led to increased speed, resolution, and multimaterial printing capabilities not previously possible. Graphical abstract

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1875940
Report Number(s):
LLNL--JRNL-832629; PII: 343
Journal Information:
MRS Bulletin, Journal Name: MRS Bulletin Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 47; ISSN 0883-7694
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press (CUP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (62)

Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization Reactions book January 2010
3D Bi-chiral Photonic Crystals: Three-Dimensional Bi-Chiral Photonic Crystals (Adv. Mater. 46/2009) journal December 2009
Volumetric Bioprinting of Complex Living‐Tissue Constructs within Seconds journal August 2019
Highly Tunable Thiol‐Ene Photoresins for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing journal October 2020
Multi‐Material 3D and 4D Printing: A Survey journal April 2020
Photopolymerization kinetics of an epoxy-based resin for stereolithography journal January 2004
Two‐Step 3 D‐Printing Approach toward Sustainable, Repairable, Fluorescent Shape‐Memory Thermosets Derived from Cellulose and Rosin journal November 2019
Termination Mechanism of the Radical Polymerization of Acrylates journal January 2016
UV-radiation curing of acrylate/epoxide systems journal June 2001
The role of molecular weight and temperature on the elastic and viscoelastic properties of a glassy thermoplastic polyimide journal April 2002
Overcoming oxygen inhibition in UV-curing of acrylate coatings by carbon dioxide inerting: Part II journal November 2003
Progress in 3D bioprinting technology for tissue/organ regenerative engineering journal January 2020
The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering journal December 2015
Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges journal June 2018
High-temperature 3D printing of polyetheretherketone products: Perspective on industrial manufacturing applications of super engineering plastics journal December 2021
Design for personalized medicine in orthotics and prosthetics journal January 2019
Current advances in additive manufacturing journal January 2020
Light-induced step-growth polymerization journal January 2020
Step-growth production of nanogels for use as macromers with dimethacrylate monomers journal January 2019
Studying Cell Mechanobiology in 3D: The Two-Photon Lithography Approach journal April 2019
110th Anniversary : Vat Photopolymerization-Based Additive Manufacturing: Current Trends and Future Directions in Materials Design journal July 2019
On the Network Topology of Cross-Linked Acrylate Photopolymers: A Molecular Dynamics Case Study journal September 2020
Controlled Degradation of Cast and 3-D Printed Photocurable Thioester Networks via Thiol–Thioester Exchange journal February 2022
Additive Manufacture of Dynamic Thiol–ene Networks Incorporating Anhydride-Derived Reversible Thioester Links journal December 2020
Production of Materials with Spatially-Controlled Cross-Link Density via Vat Photopolymerization journal October 2016
Modular Elastomer Photoresins for Digital Light Processing Additive Manufacturing journal November 2017
Photopolymerization in 3D Printing journal February 2019
Volumetric Photopolymerization Confinement through Dual-Wavelength Photoinitiation and Photoinhibition journal July 2019
Approaches to Sustainable and Continually Recyclable Cross-Linked Polymers journal August 2018
3D-Printed Mechanochromic Materials journal December 2014
Step-growth polymerization journal November 1981
Impact of Oxygen on Photopolymerization Kinetics and Polymer Structure journal April 2006
High-aspect 3D two-photon polymerization structuring with widened objective working range (WOW-2PP) journal December 2013
Rapid, continuous projection multi-photon 3D printing enabled by spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses journal September 2021
Multimaterial actinic spatial control 3D and 4D printing journal February 2019
Ultrafast multi-focus 3-D nano-fabrication based on two-photon polymerization journal May 2019
Stiffness control in dual color tomographic volumetric 3D printing journal January 2022
Voxels Optimization in 3D Laser Nanoprinting journal June 2020
Tough and degradable photopolymers derived from alkyne monomers for 3D printing of biomedical materials journal January 2016
Choosing the ideal photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations: predictions based on simulations using established data journal January 2018
Volumetric additive manufacturing of shape memory polymers journal January 2022
Refractive index matched polymeric and preceramic resins for height-scalable two-photon lithography journal January 2021
Recent advances in dynamic covalent chemistry journal January 2013
3D printing for soft robotics – a review journal March 2018
Recent progress and scientific challenges in multi-material additive manufacturing via laser-based powder bed fusion journal May 2021
Design for additive manufacturing: a comprehensive review of the tendencies and limitations of methodologies journal June 2021
Multi-wavelength volumetric lithography conference March 2022
One-step volumetric additive manufacturing of complex polymer structures journal December 2017
Rapid, continuous additive manufacturing by volumetric polymerization inhibition patterning journal January 2019
Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects journal March 2015
Volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction journal January 2019
Scalable submicrometer additive manufacturing journal October 2019
3D Printing as a Promising Tool in Personalized Medicine journal January 2021
Advances in cationic photopolymerization journal August 2012
Cure depth in photopolymerization: Experiments and theory journal December 2001
Materials and technologies for fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with sub-100 nm feature sizes by two-photon polymerization journal September 2012
Development of New Hybrid Acrylic/Epoxy DLP-3D Printable Materials journal May 2018
Direct 3D Printing of Clear Orthodontic Aligners: Current State and Future Possibilities journal April 2021
State of the Art in Dual-Curing Acrylate Systems journal February 2018
3D Printing of High Viscosity Reinforced Silicone Elastomers journal July 2021
On the Thermal Self-Initiation Reaction of n-Butyl Acrylate in Free-Radical Polymerization journal January 2018
One-Pot 3D Printing of Robust Multimaterial Devices preprint January 2021