Current and future federal and state sampling guidance for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in environmental matrices

Kidd, Justin; Fabricatore, Emily; Jackson, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155523

Title: Current and future federal and state sampling guidance for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in environmental matrices

Journal Article · 30 April 2022 · Science of the Total Environment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155523 · OSTI ID:1873123

Kidd, Justin ^[1]; Fabricatore, Emily ^[1]; Jackson, Dennis ^[1]

Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging contaminants composed of an estimated 5000 to 10,000 human-made, fluorinated, organic chemicals. Due to the complexity of PFAS, the need for multiple environmental matrix considerations and the absence of a promulgated federal standard for environmental sampling and analysis, U.S. states have begun developing health-based regulatory and/or guidance values for a limited number of PFAS in environmental matrices. As there is a growing body of science to inform PFAS sampling guidance standard development, it is important to understand which U.S. states are implementing sampling guidelines and how they plan to handle emerging PFAS. This critical review discusses the current and impending federal and state sampling guidelines for PFAS in environmental matrices, the data gaps surrounding PFAS sampling guidance in U.S. states, and the future impacts of impending guidance documents and regulations. Ten federal guidance documents are available for PFAS sampling guidance and analysis. The maximum number of PFAS covered in these guidance documents is 25 analytes spanning across 8 unique media. While the EPA has developed several different sampling and analytical guidelines for PFAS, there is no formal regulation of PFAS or requirements of states to enforce these guidelines. Consequently, only 31 states have informally adopted sampling guidelines, while the other 19 states have no guidance documentation in place for PFAS. The introduction of new PFAS sampling guidelines by the EPA, as well as updated analytical guidelines that target more PFAS or total organofluoride, is expected to continuously shift the landscape of federal and state guidance for PFAS sampling moving forward.

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Research Organization:: Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States); Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM), Technology Development; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89303321CEM000080

OSTI ID:: 1873123

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1867718

Report Number(s):: SRNL-STI-2022-00050; TRN: US2306973

Journal Information:: Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 836; ISSN 0048-9697

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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