Optical current generation in graphene: CEP control vs. ω + 2ω control

Heide, Christian; Boolakee, Tobias; Eckstein, Timo; Hommelhoff, Peter

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0236

Title: Optical current generation in graphene: CEP control vs. ω + 2ω control

Journal Article · 20 July 2021 · Nanophotonics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0236 · OSTI ID:1872784

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Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen (Germany); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen (Germany)

The injection of directional currents in solids with strong optical fields has attracted tremendous attention as a route to realize ultrafast electronics based on the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons at femto- to attosecond timescales. Such currents are usually the result of an asymmetric population distribution imprinted by the temporal symmetry of the driving field. Here we compare two experimental schemes that allow control over the amplitude and direction of light-field-driven currents excited in graphene. Both schemes rely on shaping the incident laser field with one parameter only: either the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a single laser pulse or the relative phase between pulses oscillating at angular frequencies ω and 2ω, both for comparable laser parameters. We observe that the efficiency in generating a current via two-color-control exceeds that of CEP control by more than two orders of magnitude (7 nA vs. 18 pA), as the ω + 2ω field exhibits significantly more asymmetry in its temporal shape. We support this finding with numerical simulations that clearly show that two-color current control in graphene is superior, even down to single-cycle pulse durations. We expect our results to be relevant to experimentally access fundamental properties of any solid at ultrafast timescales, as well as for the emerging field of petahertz electronics.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; European Research Council (ERC); Friedrich Naumann Foundation; German Research Foundation (DFG); International Max Planck Research School Physics of Light; Max Planck School for Photonics; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1872784

Journal Information:: Nanophotonics (Online), Journal Name: Nanophotonics (Online) Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 10; ISSN 2192-8614

Publisher:: de GruyterCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
carrier-envelope phase
current generation
graphene
two-color
ultrafast

Title: Optical current generation in graphene: CEP control vs. ω + 2ω control

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