Ultrabright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam

Li, F.; Dalichaouch, T.  N.; Pierce, J.  R.; Xu, X.; Tsung, F.  S.; Lu, W.; Joshi, C.; Mori, W.  B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.128.174803

Title: Ultrabright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam

Journal Article · 29 April 2022 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.174803 · OSTI ID:1871596

^[1];

^[1]; Pierce, J. R. ^[1];

^[2]; Tsung, F. S. ^[1]; Lu, W. ^[3]; Joshi, C. ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)

Here, we propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a “flying focus” produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by a superluminally propagating flying focus of an electron beam can generate GeV-level electron bunches with ultralow normalized slice emittance (~30 nm rad), high current (~17 kA), low slice energy spread (~0.1%), and therefore high normalized brightness (> 10¹⁹A/ m² /rad²) in a plasma of density ~10¹⁹ cm^–3. The injection process is highly controllable and tunable by changing the focal velocity and shaping the drive beam current. Nearterm experiments at FACET II where the capabilities to generate tens of kA, < 10 fs drivers are planned, could potentially produce beams with brightness near 10²⁰ A / m² / rad².

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 644405; SC0010064; 1806046; 2003354

OSTI ID:: 1871596

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1866143

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 17; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

Low emittance electron beam generation from a laser wakefield accelerator using two laser pulses with different wavelengths Xu, X. L.; Wu, Y. P.; Zhang, C. J. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.061301	journal	June 2014
Plasma-Density-Gradient Injection of Low Absolute-Momentum-Spread Electron Bunches Geddes, C. G. R.; Nakamura, K.; Plateau, G. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.215004	journal	May 2008
Generating high quality ultrarelativistic electron beams using an evolving electron beam driver Dalichaouch, T. N.; Xu, X. L.; Li, F. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.021304	journal	February 2020
A multi-sheath model for highly nonlinear plasma wakefields Dalichaouch, T. N.; Xu, X. L.; Tableman, A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0051282	journal	June 2021
Ultracold Electron Bunch Generation via Plasma Photocathode Emission and Acceleration in a Beam-Driven Plasma Blowout Hidding, B.; Pretzler, G.; Rosenzweig, J. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.035001	journal	January 2012
The physics of x-ray free-electron lasers Pellegrini, C.; Marinelli, A.; Reiche, S. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015006	journal	March 2016
High quality electron bunch generation using a longitudinal density-tailored plasma-based accelerator in the three-dimensional blowout regime Xu, X. L.; Li, F.; An, W. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 20, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.111303	journal	November 2017
FACET-II facility for advanced accelerator experimental tests Yakimenko, V.; Alsberg, L.; Bong, E. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 22, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.101301	journal	October 2019
Perspectives on the generation of electron beams from plasma-based accelerators and their near and long term applications Joshi, C.; Corde, S.; Mori, W. B. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004039	journal	July 2020
Ionization waves of arbitrary velocity driven by a flying focus Palastro, J. P.; Turnbull, D.; Bahk, S. -W. Physical Review A, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.033835	journal	March 2018
Ionization-Induced Electron Trapping in Ultrarelativistic Plasma Wakes Oz, E.; Deng, S.; Katsouleas, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.084801	journal	February 2007
High-efficiency acceleration of an electron beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator Litos, M.; Adli, E.; An, W. Nature, Vol. 515, Issue 7525 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13882	journal	November 2014
Free-electron lasing at 27 nanometres based on a laser wakefield accelerator Wang, Wentao; Feng, Ke; Ke, Lintong Nature, Vol. 595, Issue 7868 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03678-x	journal	July 2021
Phase-locked laser-wakefield electron acceleration Caizergues, C.; Smartsev, S.; Malka, V. Nature Photonics, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0657-2	journal	July 2020
On numerical errors to the fields surrounding a relativistically moving particle in PIC codes Xu, Xinlu; Li, Fei; Tsung, Frank S. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 413 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109451	journal	July 2020
Nonlinear Theory for Relativistic Plasma Wakefields in the Blowout Regime Lu, W.; Huang, C.; Zhou, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.165002	journal	April 2006
A new field solver for modeling of relativistic particle-laser interactions using the particle-in-cell algorithm Li, Fei; Miller, Kyle G.; Xu, Xinlu Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 258 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107580	journal	January 2021
Optical Transverse Injection in Laser-Plasma Acceleration Lehe, R.; Lifschitz, A. F.; Davoine, X. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.085005	journal	August 2013
Dephasingless Laser Wakefield Acceleration Palastro, J. P.; Shaw, J. L.; Franke, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.134802	journal	March 2020
Laser wake field acceleration: the highly non-linear broken-wave regime Pukhov, A.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, Vol. 74, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400200795	journal	April 2002
Electron Self-Injection and Trapping into an Evolving Plasma Bubble Kalmykov, S.; Yi, S. A.; Khudik, V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.135004	journal	September 2009
Multi-GeV Energy Gain in a Plasma-Wakefield Accelerator Hogan, M. J.; Barnes, C. D.; Clayton, C. E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.054802	journal	July 2005
Plasma Accelerators at the Energy Frontier and on Tabletops Joshi, Chandrashekhar; Katsouleas, Thomas Physics Today, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1595054	journal	June 2003
Controlling the numerical Cerenkov instability in PIC simulations using a customized finite difference Maxwell solver and a local FFT based current correction Li, Fei; Yu, Peicheng; Xu, Xinlu Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2017.01.001	journal	May 2017
Particle injection into the wave acceleration phase due to nonlinear wake wave breaking Bulanov, S.; Naumova, N.; Pegoraro, F. Physical Review E, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.R5257	journal	November 1998
Focusing of High-Brightness Electron Beams with Active-Plasma Lenses Pompili, R.; Anania, M. P.; Bellaveglia, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.174801	journal	October 2018
A nonlinear theory for multidimensional relativistic plasma wave wakefields Lu, W.; Huang, C.; Zhou, M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2203364	journal	May 2006
Electron injection and trapping in a laser wakefield by field ionization to high-charge states of gases Chen, Min; Sheng, Zheng-Ming; Ma, Yan-Yun Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 99, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2179194	journal	March 2006
Acceleration and focusing of electrons in two-dimensional nonlinear plasma wake fields Rosenzweig, J. B.; Breizman, B.; Katsouleas, T. Physical Review A, Vol. 44, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.44.R6189	journal	November 1991
Numerical instability due to relativistic plasma drift in EM-PIC simulations Xu, Xinlu; Yu, Peicheng; Martins, Samual F. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 184, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2013.07.003	journal	November 2013
Accelerating and Decelerating Space-Time Optical Wave Packets in Free Space Yessenov, Murat; Abouraddy, Ayman F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.233901	journal	December 2020
High-Quality Electron Beams from Beam-Driven Plasma Accelerators by Wakefield-Induced Ionization Injection Martinez de la Ossa, A.; Grebenyuk, J.; Mehrling, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.245003	journal	December 2013
Plasma lenses for focusing particle beams Su, J. J.; Katsouleas, T.; Dawson, J. M. Physical Review A, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.41.3321	journal	March 1990
OSIRIS: A Three-Dimensional, Fully Relativistic Particle in Cell Code for Modeling Plasma Based Accelerators Fonseca, R. A.; Silva, L. O.; Tsung, F. S. Computational Science — ICCS 2002, p. 342-351 https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47789-6_36	book	January 2002
Plasma Electron Trapping and Acceleration in a Plasma Wake Field Using a Density Transition Suk, H.; Barov, N.; Rosenzweig, J. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1011	journal	February 2001
Beam Loading in the Nonlinear Regime of Plasma-Based Acceleration Tzoufras, M.; Lu, W.; Tsung, F. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.145002	journal	September 2008
Spatiotemporal control of laser intensity Froula, Dustin H.; Turnbull, David; Davies, Andrew S. Nature Photonics, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0121-8	journal	March 2018
Injection and Trapping of Tunnel-Ionized Electrons into Laser-Produced Wakes Pak, A.; Marsh, K. A.; Martins, S. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.025003	journal	January 2010
Generating High-Brightness Electron Beams via Ionization Injection by Transverse Colliding Lasers in a Plasma-Wakefield Accelerator Li, F.; Hua, J. F.; Xu, X. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.015003	journal	July 2013
Shock-Front Injector for High-Quality Laser-Plasma Acceleration Buck, A.; Wenz, J.; Xu, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.185006	journal	May 2013
Optical space-time wave packets having arbitrary group velocities in free space Kondakci, H. Esat; Abouraddy, Ayman F. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08735-8	journal	February 2019