The emergence of macroscopic currents in photoconductive sampling of optical fields

Schötz, Johannes; Maliakkal, Ancyline; Blöchl, Johannes; Zimin, Dmitry; Wang, Zilong; Rosenberger, Philipp; Alharbi, Meshaal; Azzeer, Abdallah M.; Weidman, Matthew; Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Bergues, Boris; Kling, Matthias F.

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28412-7

Title: The emergence of macroscopic currents in photoconductive sampling of optical fields

Journal Article · 17 February 2022 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28412-7 · OSTI ID:1869000

Schötz, Johannes ^[1]; Maliakkal, Ancyline ^[1];

^[1]; Zimin, Dmitry ^[2]; Wang, Zilong ^[1];

^[1];

^[3];

^[3]; Weidman, Matthew ^[1];

^[1]; Bergues, Boris ^[1];

^[4]

Ludwig Maximilian Univ. of Munich, Munich (Germany); Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany)
Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany)
King Saud Univ., Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
Ludwig Maximilian Univ. of Munich, Munich (Germany); Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Photoconductive field sampling enables petahertz-domain optoelectronic applications that advance our understanding of light-matter interaction. Despite the growing importance of ultrafast photoconductive measurements, a rigorous model for connecting the microscopic electron dynamics to the macroscopic external signal is lacking. This has caused conflicting interpretations about the origin of macroscopic currents. Here, we present systematic experimental studies on the signal formation in gas-phase photoconductive sampling. Our theoretical model, based on the Ramo–Shockley-theorem, overcomes the previously introduced artificial separation into dipole and current contributions. Extensive numerical particle-in-cell-type simulations permit a quantitative comparison with experimental results and help to identify the roles of electron-neutral scattering and mean-field charge interactions. The results show that the heuristic models utilized so far are valid only in a limited range and are affected by macroscopic effects. Our approach can aid in the design of more sensitive and more efficient photoconductive devices.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1869000

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 13; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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