Outward Migration of Super-Jupiters

Dempsey, Adam M.; Muñoz, Diego J.; Lithwick, Yoram

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac22af

Title: Outward Migration of Super-Jupiters

Journal Article · 17 September 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac22af · OSTI ID:1868223

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Adolfo Ibáñez Univ., Santiago (Chile)

We report recent simulations show that giant planets of about 1 M_J migrate inward at a rate that differs from the type II prediction. Here we show that at higher masses, planets migrate outward. Our result differs from previous ones because of our longer simulation times, lower viscosity, and boundary conditions that allow the disk to reach a viscous steady state. We show that, for planets on circular orbits, the transition from inward to outward migration coincides with the known transition from circular to eccentric disks that occurs for planets more massive than a few Jupiters. In an eccentric disk, the torque on the outer disk weakens due to two effects: the planet launches weaker waves, and those waves travel further before damping. As a result, the torque on the inner disk dominates, and the planet pushes itself outward. Our results suggest that the many super-Jupiters observed by direct imaging at large distances from the star may have gotten there by outward migration.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program' National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1868223

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-29630

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 918; ISSN 2041-8205

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (51)

Protoplanet Migration by Nebula Tides Ward, William R. Icarus, Vol. 126, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.5647	journal	April 1997
Formation of the galilean satellites in a gaseous nebula Lunine, Jonathan I.; Stevenson, David J. Icarus, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(82)90166-X	journal	October 1982
On the width and shape of gaps in protoplanetary disks Crida, A.; Morbidelli, A.; Masset, F. Icarus, Vol. 181, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.007	journal	April 2006
The evolution of a supermassive binary caused by an accretion disc Ivanov, P. B.; Papaloizou, J. C. B.; Polnarev, A. G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 307, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02623.x	journal	July 1999
Detectability of giant planets in protoplanetary disks by CO emission lines Regály, Zs.; Sándor, Zs.; Dullemond, C. P. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 523 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014427	journal	November 2010
Migration of massive planets in accreting disks Dürmann, C.; Kley, W. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 574 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424837	journal	January 2015
Toward a new paradigm for Type II migration Robert, C. M. T.; Crida, A.; Lega, E. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 617 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833539	journal	September 2018
Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2 Bohn, Alexander J.; Ginski, Christian; Kenworthy, Matthew A. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 648 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140508	journal	April 2021
Disk eccentricity and embedded planets Kley, W.; Dirksen, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 447, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053914	journal	January 2006
The excitation of density waves at the Lindblad and corotation resonances by an external potential Goldreich, P.; Tremaine, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 233 https://doi.org/10.1086/157448	journal	October 1979
Disk-satellite interactions Goldreich, P.; Tremaine, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 241 https://doi.org/10.1086/158356	journal	October 1980
On the tidal interaction between protoplanets and the protoplanetary disk. III - Orbital migration of protoplanets Lin, D. N. C.; Papaloizou, John The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 309 https://doi.org/10.1086/164653	journal	October 1986
Disk-Satellite Interaction via Density Waves and the Eccentricity Evolution of Bodies Embedded in Disks Artymowicz, Pawel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 419 https://doi.org/10.1086/173470	journal	December 1993
Disk Accretion onto High‐Mass Planets Lubow, S. H.; Seibert, M.; Artymowicz, P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 526, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/308045	journal	December 1999
Planetary Torques as the Viscosity of Protoplanetary Disks Goodman, J.; Rafikov, R. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 552, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/320572	journal	May 2001
Planet Migration and Gap Formation by Tidally Induced Shocks Rafikov, R. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 572, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/340228	journal	June 2002
Runaway Migration and the Formation of Hot Jupiters Masset, F. S.; Papaloizou, J. C. B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 588, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/373892	journal	May 2003
Evolution of Giant Planets in Eccentric Disks D’Angelo, Gennaro; Lubow, Stephen H.; Bate, Matthew R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 652, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/508451	journal	December 2006
LONG RANGE OUTWARD MIGRATION OF GIANT PLANETS, WITH APPLICATION TO FOMALHAUT b Crida, Aurélien; Masset, Frédéric; Morbidelli, Alessandro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 705, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L148	journal	October 2009
Gap Opening by Extremely Low-Mass Planets in a Viscous disk Duffell, Paul C.; MacFadyen, Andrew I. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 769, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/41	journal	May 2013
How Empty are disk gaps Opened by Giant Planets? Fung, Jeffrey; Shi, Ji-Ming; Chiang, Eugene The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 782, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/88	journal	January 2014
The Migration of Gap-Opening Planets is not Locked to Viscous disk Evolution Duffell, Paul C.; Haiman, Zoltan; MacFadyen, Andrew I. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 792, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L10	journal	August 2014
A Simple Analytical Model for gaps in Protoplanetary Disks Duffell, Paul C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 807, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L11	journal	June 2015
Satellites in discs: regulating the accretion luminosity Syer, D.; Clarke, C. J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 277, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/277.3.758	journal	December 1995
Comments on ‘Type II migration strikes back – an old paradigm for planet migration in discs’ by Scardoni et al. Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.; Tanaka, Hidekazu Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 494, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1011	journal	April 2020
Orbital migration of giant planets induced by gravitationally unstable gaps: the effect of planet mass Cloutier, Ryan; Lin, Min-Kai Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 434, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1047	journal	July 2013
Formation of a disc gap induced by a planet: effect of the deviation from Keplerian disc rotation Kanagawa, K. D.; Tanaka, H.; Muto, T. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 448, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv025	journal	February 2015
Growth of eccentric modes in disc–planet interactions Teyssandier, Jean; Ogilvie, Gordon I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 458, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw521	journal	March 2016
Secular evolution of eccentricity in protoplanetary discs with gap-opening planets Teyssandier, Jean; Ogilvie, Gordon I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx426	journal	February 2017
Deep and wide gaps by super Earths in low-viscosity discs Ginzburg, Sivan; Sari, Re’em Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1466	journal	June 2018
Type II migration strikes back – an old paradigm for planet migration in discs Scardoni, Chiara E.; Rosotti, Giovanni P.; Lodato, Giuseppe Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3534	journal	December 2019
Mass constraint for a planet in a protoplanetary disk from the gap width Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.; Muto, Takayuki; Tanaka, Hidekazu Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 68, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psw037	journal	April 2016
Modelling of deep gaps created by giant planets in protoplanetary disks Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.; Tanaka, Hidekazu; Muto, Takayuki Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 69, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx114	journal	November 2017
Outward migration of a giant planet with a gravitationally unstable gap edge: Migration with unstable gaps Lin, Min-Kai; Papaloizou, John C. B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20352.x	journal	February 2012
Planet-Disk Interaction and Orbital Evolution Kley, W.; Nelson, R. P. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081811-125523	journal	September 2012
Fargo3d: a new Gpu-Oriented mhd code Benítez-Llambay, Pablo; Masset, Frédéric S. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 223, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/223/1/11	journal	March 2016
The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au Nielsen, Eric L.; De Rosa, Robert J.; Macintosh, Bruce The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 158, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab16e9	journal	June 2019
Radial Migration of Gap-opening Planets in Protoplanetary Disks. I. The Case of a Single Planet Kanagawa, Kazuhiro D.; Tanaka, Hidekazu; Szuszkiewicz, Ewa The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac8d9	journal	July 2018
Hydrodynamics of Circumbinary Accretion: Angular Momentum Transfer and Binary Orbital Evolution Muñoz, Diego J.; Miranda, Ryan; Lai, Dong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf867	journal	January 2019
Hydrodynamic Torques in Circumbinary Accretion Disks Moody, Mackenzie S. L.; Shi, Ji-Ming; Stone, James M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab09ee	journal	April 2019
On the Mass Function, Multiplicity, and Origins of Wide-orbit Giant Planets Wagner, Kevin; Apai, Dániel; Kratter, Kaitlin M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1904	journal	May 2019
Circumplanetary Disk Dynamics in the Isothermal and Adiabatic Limits Fung, Jeffrey; Zhu, Zhaohuan; Chiang, Eugene The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab53da	journal	December 2019
Circumbinary Accretion from Finite and Infinite Disks Muñoz, Diego J.; Lai, Dong; Kratter, Kaitlin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5d33	journal	January 2020
Pileups and Migration Rates for Planets in Low-mass Disks Dempsey, Adam M.; Lee, Wing-Kit; Lithwick, Yoram The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab723c	journal	March 2020
Planet–Disk Interaction in Disks with Cooling: Basic Theory Miranda, Ryan; Rafikov, Roman R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab791a	journal	March 2020
Retention of Long-period Gas Giant Planets: Type II Migration Revisited Chen, Yi-Xian; Zhang, Xiaojia; Li, Ya-Ping The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abaab6	journal	August 2020
Circumbinary Disks: Accretion and Torque as a Function of Mass Ratio and Disk Viscosity Duffell, Paul C.; D’Orazio, Daniel; Derdzinski, Andrea The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abab95	journal	September 2020
Long-lived Eccentric Modes in Circumbinary Disks Muñoz, Diego J.; Lithwick, Yoram The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 905, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc74c	journal	December 2020
Long-lived Eccentricities in Accretion Disks Lee, Wing-Kit; Dempsey, Adam M.; Lithwick, Yoram The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3a4a	journal	September 2019
Inner Boundary Condition in Quasi-Lagrangian Simulations of Accretion Disks Dempsey, Adam M.; Muñoz, Diego; Lithwick, Yoram The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 892, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab800e	journal	April 2020
Orbital Evolution of Equal-mass Eccentric Binaries due to a Gas Disk: Eccentric Inspirals and Circular Outspirals D’Orazio, Daniel J.; Duffell, Paul C. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 914, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0621	journal	June 2021

Similar Records

THE PHOTOECCENTRIC EFFECT AND PROTO-HOT JUPITERS. III. A PAUCITY OF PROTO-HOT JUPITERS ON SUPER-ECCENTRIC ORBITS

Journal Article · 2015 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:22364690

Dawson, Rebekah I.; Murray-Clay, Ruth A.

TIDAL AND MAGNETIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN A HOT JUPITER AND ITS HOST STAR IN THE MAGNETOSPHERIC CAVITY OF A PROTOPLANETARY DISK

Journal Article · 2010 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:21392402

Chang, S -H; Gu, P -G; Bodenheimer, P H

OUTWARD MIGRATION OF JUPITER AND SATURN IN EVOLVED GASEOUS DISKS

Journal Article · 2012 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:22092244

D'Angelo, Gennaro; Marzari, Francesco

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
circumstellar disks
planet formation
planet-disk interactions
protoplanetary disks

Title: Outward Migration of Super-Jupiters

Citation Formats

References (51)

Similar Records

Related Subjects