Links between autophagy and lipid droplet dynamics

Xu, Changcheng; Fan, Jilian; Suh, ed., Mi Chung

doi:10.1093/jxb/erac003

Title: Links between autophagy and lipid droplet dynamics

Journal Article · 10 January 2022 · Journal of Experimental Botany

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac003 · OSTI ID:1868102

;

; Suh, ed., Mi Chung

Abstract Autophagy is a catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components are delivered to vacuoles or lysosomes for degradation and nutrient recycling. Autophagy-mediated degradation of membrane lipids provides a source of fatty acids for the synthesis of energy-rich, storage lipid esters such as triacylglycerol (TAG). In eukaryotes, storage lipids are packaged into dynamic subcellular organelles, lipid droplets. In times of energy scarcity, lipid droplets can be degraded via autophagy in a process termed lipophagy to release fatty acids for energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggests that lipid droplets are required for the efficient execution of autophagic processes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of metabolic interactions between autophagy and TAG storage, and discuss mechanisms of lipophagy. Free fatty acids are cytotoxic due to their detergent-like properties and their incorporation into lipid intermediates that are toxic at high levels. Thus, we also discuss how cells manage lipotoxic stresses during autophagy-mediated mobilization of fatty acids from lipid droplets and organellar membranes for energy generation.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018420; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1868102

Journal Information:: Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Name: Journal of Experimental Botany Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 73; ISSN 0022-0957

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Global Analysis of the Role of Autophagy in Cellular Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Seedlings under Carbon Starvation Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar; Bajdzienko, Krzysztof; Wittenberg, Gal The Plant Cell, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.134205	journal	February 2015
Dual Role for Autophagy in Lipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis Fan, Jilian; Yu, Linhui; Xu, Changcheng The Plant Cell, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00170	journal	April 2019
Selective autophagy Faruk, Mohammad Omar; Ichimura, Yoshinobu; Komatsu, Masaaki Cancer Science, Vol. 112, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.15112	journal	August 2021
Mitochondrial dynamics and degradation in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi Duan, Lan; Okamoto, Koji Genes to Cells, Vol. 26, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12875	journal	June 2021
A role for caleosin in degradation of oil-body storage lipid during seed germination Poxleitner, Marianne; Rogers, Sally W.; Lacey Samuels, A. The Plant Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02845.x	journal	September 2006
Molecular dynamics study with mutation shows that N‐terminal domain structural re‐orientation in Niemann‐Pick type C1 is required for proper alignment of cholesterol transport Yoon, Hye‐Jin; Jeong, Hyunah; Lee, Hyung Ho Journal of Neurochemistry, Vol. 156, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15150	journal	September 2020
Autophagy mutants show delayed chloroplast development during de‐etiolation in carbon limiting conditions Wijerathna‐Yapa, Akila; Signorelli, Santiago; Fenske, Ricarda The Plant Journal, Vol. 108, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15452	journal	August 2021
A novel Rab10-EHBP1-EHD2 complex essential for the autophagic engulfment of lipid droplets Li, Zhipeng; Schulze, Ryan J.; Weller, Shaun G. Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601470	journal	December 2016
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Proteasomal and Autophagic Degradation Systems Dikic, Ivan Annual Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044908	journal	June 2017
Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis Ohlrogge, John B.; Jaworski, Jan G. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 48, Issue 1, p. 109-136 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.109	journal	June 1997
Seed Storage Oil Mobilization Graham, Ian A. Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 59, Issue 1, p. 115-142 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092938	journal	June 2008
A Decade of Mighty Lipophagy: What We Know and What Facts We Need to Know? Khawar, Muhammad Babar; Abbasi, Muddasir Hassan; Rafiq, Mussarat Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2021 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539161	journal	November 2021
Inter-organelle membrane contact sites: implications for lipid metabolism Vance, Jean E. Biology Direct, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13062-020-00279-y	journal	November 2020
Transcriptional program for nitrogen starvation-induced lipid accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii López García de Lomana, Adrián; Schäuble, Sascha; Valenzuela, Jacob Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0391-z	journal	December 2015
Lipid droplet and early autophagosomal membrane targeting of Atg2A and Atg14L in human tumor cells Pfisterer, Simon G.; Bakula, Daniela; Frickey, Tancred Journal of Lipid Research, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M046359	journal	April 2014
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Autophagy mediates grain yield and nitrogen stress resistance by modulating nitrogen remobilization in rice Zhen, Xiaoxi; Zheng, Naimeng; Yu, Jinlei PLOS ONE, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244996	journal	January 2021
Lipid droplets and their component triglycerides and steryl esters regulate autophagosome biogenesis Shpilka, Tomer; Welter, Evelyn; Borovsky, Noam The EMBO Journal, Vol. 34, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201490315	journal	July 2015
Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes Galluzzi, Lorenzo; Baehrecke, Eric H.; Ballabio, Andrea The EMBO Journal, Vol. 36, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201796697	journal	May 2017
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TMEM 41B is a novel regulator of autophagy and lipid mobilization Moretti, Francesca; Bergman, Phil; Dodgson, Stacie EMBO reports, Vol. 19, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201845889	journal	August 2018
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Autophagy-like processes are involved in lipid droplet degradation in Auxenochlorella protothecoides during the heterotrophy-autotrophy transition Zhao, Li; Dai, Junbiao; Wu, Qingyu Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00400	journal	August 2014
Autophagy: An Important Biological Process That Protects Plants from Stressful Environments Wang, Wenyi; Xu, Mengyun; Wang, Guoping Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02030	journal	January 2017
Chloroplast Degradation: Multiple Routes Into the Vacuole Zhuang, Xiaohong; Jiang, Liwen Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00359	journal	March 2019
Degradation of Lipid Droplets in Plants and Algae—Right Time, Many Paths, One Goal Zienkiewicz, Krzysztof; Zienkiewicz, Agnieszka Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.579019	journal	September 2020
Lipidome Remodeling and Autophagic Respose in the Arachidonic-Acid-Rich Microalga Lobosphaera incisa Under Nitrogen and Phosphorous Deprivation Kokabi, Kamilya; Gorelova, Olga; Zorin, Boris Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.614846	journal	November 2020
Dynamic Interactions between Autophagosomes and Lipid Droplets in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Tran, Quynh-Giao; Yoon, Hyang Ran; Cho, Kichul Cells, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8090992	journal	August 2019
Autophagy Controls Sulphur Metabolism in the Rosette Leaves of Arabidopsis and Facilitates S Remobilization to the Seeds Lornac, Aurélia; Havé, Marien; Chardon, Fabien Cells, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020332	journal	January 2020
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AMPK and vacuole-associated Atg14p orchestrate μ-lipophagy for energy production and long-term survival under glucose starvation Seo, Arnold Y.; Lau, Pick-Wei; Feliciano, Daniel eLife, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21690	journal	April 2017
Niemann-Pick type C proteins promote microautophagy by expanding raft-like membrane domains in the yeast vacuole Tsuji, Takuma; Fujimoto, Megumi; Tatematsu, Tsuyako eLife, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25960	journal	June 2017
The autophagic membrane tether ATG2A transfers lipids between membranes Maeda, Shintaro; Otomo, Chinatsu; Otomo, Takanori eLife, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.45777	journal	July 2019
An oomycete effector subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface Pandey, Pooja; Leary, Alexandre Y.; Tumtas, Yasin eLife, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65285	journal	August 2021

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