Functional characterization of a cellulose synthase, CtCESA1, from the marine red alga Calliarthron tuberculosum (Corallinales)

Xue, Jan; Purushotham, Pallinti; Acheson, Justin F.; Ho, Ruoya; Zimmer, Jochen; McFarlane, Ciaran; Van Petegem, Filip; Martone, Patrick T.; Samuels, A. Lacey

doi:10.1093/jxb/erab414

Title: Functional characterization of a cellulose synthase, CtCESA1, from the marine red alga Calliarthron tuberculosum (Corallinales)

Journal Article · 09 September 2021 · Journal of Experimental Botany

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab414 · OSTI ID:1865663

Xue, Jan ^[1]; Purushotham, Pallinti ^[2]; Acheson, Justin F. ^[2]; Ho, Ruoya ^[2]; Zimmer, Jochen ^[2]; McFarlane, Ciaran ^[3]; Van Petegem, Filip ^[3]; Martone, Patrick T. ^[3];

^[3]

Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)

In land plants and algae, cellulose is important for strengthening cell walls and preventing breakage due to physical forces. Though our understanding of cellulose production by cellulose synthases (CESAs) has seen significant advances for several land plant and bacterial species, functional characterization of this fundamental protein is absent in red algae. Here we identify CESA gene candidates in the calcifying red alga Calliarthron tuberculosum using sequence similarity-based approaches, and elucidate their phylogenetic relationship with other CESAs from diverse taxa. One gene candidate, CtCESA1, was closely related to other putative red algal CESA genes. To test if CtCESA1 encoded a true cellulose synthase, CtCESA1 protein was expressed and purified from insect and yeast expression systems. CtCESA1 showed glucan synthase activity in glucose tracer assays. CtCESA1 activity was relatively low when compared with plant and bacterial CESA activity. In an in vitro assay, a predicted N-terminal starch-binding domain from CtCESA1 bound red algal floridean starch extracts, representing a unique domain in red algal CESAs not present in CESAs from other lineages. When the CtCESA1 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana cesa mutants, the red algal CtCESA1 partially rescued the growth defects of the primary cell wall cesa6 mutant, but not cesa3 or secondary cell wall cesa7 mutants. A fluorescently tagged CtCESA1 localized to the plasma membrane in the Arabidopsis cesa6 mutant background. This study presents functional evidence validating the sequence annotation of red algal CESAs. Furthermore, the relatively low activity of CtCESA1, partial complementation in Arabidopsis, and presence of unique protein domains suggest that there are probably functional differences between the algal and land plant CESAs.

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Research Organization:: Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: NIH; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001090; SC0021314

OSTI ID:: 1865663

Journal Information:: Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Name: Journal of Experimental Botany Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 73; ISSN 0022-0957

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Arabidopsis
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floridean starch
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red alga

Title: Functional characterization of a cellulose synthase, CtCESA1, from the marine red alga Calliarthron tuberculosum (Corallinales)

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