Heterogeneous Ice Growth in Micron-Sized Water Droplets Due to Spontaneous Freezing

Esmaeildoost, Niloofar; Jönsson, Olof; McQueen, Trevor A.; Ladd-Parada, Marjorie; Laksmono, Hartawan; Loh, Ne-Te Duane; Sellberg, Jonas A.

doi:10.3390/cryst12010065

Title: Heterogeneous Ice Growth in Micron-Sized Water Droplets Due to Spontaneous Freezing

Journal Article · 03 January 2022 · Crystals

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12010065 · OSTI ID:1864551

^[1];

^[1]; McQueen, Trevor A. ^[2];

^[3]; Laksmono, Hartawan ^[4];

^[5];

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KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden). AlbaNova University Center
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Neptune Fluid Flow Systems, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). AlbaNova University Center
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE)
National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore)

Understanding how ice nucleates and grows into larger crystals is of crucial importance for many research fields. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the phase and structure of ice once a nucleus is formed inside a metastable water droplet. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was performed on micron-sized droplets evaporatively cooled to temperatures where homogeneous nucleation occurs. We found that for our weak hits ice grows more cubic compared to the strong hits that are completely hexagonal. Due to efficient heat removal caused by evaporation, we propose that the cubicity of ice at the vicinity of the droplet’s surface is higher than for ice formed within the bulk of the droplet. Moreover, the Bragg peaks were classified based on their geometrical shapes and positions in reciprocal space, which showed that ice grows heterogeneously with a significant population of peaks indicative of truncation rods and crystal defects. Frequent occurrences of the (100) reflection with extended in-planar structure suggested that large planar ice crystals form at the droplet surface, then fracture into smaller domains to accommodate to the curvature of the droplets. Planar faulting due to misaligned domains would explain the increased cubicity close to the droplet surface.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Swedish National Research Council; Goran Gustafsson Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1864551

Journal Information:: Crystals, Journal Name: Crystals Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 2073-4352

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
coherent Bragg diffraction
crystal growth
ice nucleation
x-ray scattering

Title: Heterogeneous Ice Growth in Micron-Sized Water Droplets Due to Spontaneous Freezing

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