State-by-State comparison of combined heat and power to photovoltaic installations at manufacturing facilities with heat and power loads

Machalek, Derek; Mohammadi, Kasra; Powell, Kody M.

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101502

Title: State-by-State comparison of combined heat and power to photovoltaic installations at manufacturing facilities with heat and power loads

Journal Article · 28 July 2021 · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101502 · OSTI ID:1864027

Machalek, Derek ^[1]; Mohammadi, Kasra ^[2]; Powell, Kody M. ^[2]

Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); University of Utah
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Manufacturing facilities with large electricity and steam loads commonly meet those loads with a grid and boiler (GB) system configuration. In this study, two alternatives, a natural gas turbine cycle driven combined heat and power (CHP) system configuration and a grid boiler system augmented with photovoltaics (GB-PV), are investigated sustainable manufacturing in reference to the GB system configuration. For this purpose, their discounted payback period (DPP), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emission reductions, and primary fossil energy impacts are calculated. The major contribution of this study is that it directly compares the application of both CHP and PV technologies at an assumed manufacturing facility in all 50 states of the United States. This highlights the location-specific impacts of the facility. The examined manufacturing facility utility requirements are 5 MW of power and over 12,000 kg/h of 250 kPa and 400 K saturated steam. A DPP of less than 25 years, the technology lifetime, is found in 44 states for the CHP system configuration and 6 states for the GB-PV system configuration. GB-PV and CHP cost-effectively reduce CO₂ in 44 and 38 states, respectively. CHP is better for NO_x reduction, whereas GB-PV is better for primary fossil energy reduction.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007712

OSTI ID:: 1864027

Journal Information:: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Journal Name: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Vol. 47; ISSN 2213-1388

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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