Environmental outcomes of the US Renewable Fuel Standard

Lark, Tyler J.; Hendricks, Nathan P.; Smith, Aaron; Pates, Nicholas; Spawn-Lee, Seth A.; Bougie, Matthew; Booth, Eric G.; Kucharik, Christopher J.; Gibbs, Holly K.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2101084119

Title: Environmental outcomes of the US Renewable Fuel Standard

Journal Article · 14 February 2022 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101084119 · OSTI ID:1863596

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Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Biofuels are included in many proposed strategies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and limit the magnitude of global warming. The US Renewable Fuel Standard is the world’s largest existing biofuel program, yet despite its prominence, there has been limited empirical assessment of the program’s environmental outcomes. Even without considering likely international land use effects, we find that the production of corn-based ethanol in the United States has failed to meet the policy’s own greenhouse gas emissions targets and negatively affected water quality, the area of land used for conservation, and other ecosystem processes. Our findings suggest that profound advances in technology and policy are still needed to achieve the intended environmental benefits of biofuel production and use.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1863596

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 119; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
biofuels
environmental policy
greenhouse gas emissions
land use change
water quality

Title: Environmental outcomes of the US Renewable Fuel Standard

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