Charge breeders: Development of diagnostic tools to probe the underlying physics

Maunoury, L.; Bidault, N.; Angot, J.; Galata, A.; Vondrasek, R.; Wenander, F.

doi:10.1063/5.0076254

Title: Charge breeders: Development of diagnostic tools to probe the underlying physics

Journal Article · 14 February 2022 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0076254 · OSTI ID:1861486

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Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds, Caen (France)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)
National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Legnaro (Italy). Laboratori Nationali di Legnaro
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Charge breeders were developed more than 20 years ago in the context of radioactive ion beam (RIB) production. The main goal is to boost the charge state of a singly charged RIB to a higher value matching the A/Q of a post-accelerator. In that way, the RIB produced at some tens of keV can efficiently be accelerated to energies in a range of few MeV/u up to several tens of MeV/u, which is of interest for nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics experiments. Two families of charge breeders have been developed: one based on Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) suitable for Continuous Wave (CW) operation and another built around Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBISs) used for pulsed post-accelerators. For many years, experimental studies have been carried out to enhance the charge breeding process and improve the extracted beam quality, i.e., purity, intensity, emittance, and time structure. The evolution of the charge breeders is also closely related to the emergence of new facilities delivering even more exotic beams. Diagnostic tools, such as Faraday cups, beam profile monitors, and emittance scanners, are mandatory to tune the machines and evaluate their performances. However, to go beyond that, a better understanding of plasma physics (in ECRIS) and electron-ion interactions (in EBIS), as well as the 1+ beam characteristics, for instance, energy spread transverse emittance, is needed. Therefore, simulation codes modeling the physics phenomena in both type of charge breeders were developed to support the understanding of experimental outputs and to gain insights into non-observable parameters. Nevertheless, more sophisticated diagnostic tools are required to improve the charge breeding performance and to extend the potential applications toward new RIB facilities. This Review will present the two kinds of charge breeders and their technical evolutions. It will review the diagnostic tools and simulation codes employed for operation and evaluation of the internal physics processes.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1861486

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 93; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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