Fire effects on the persistence of soil organic matter and long-term carbon storage

Pellegrini, Adam F. A.; Harden, Jennifer; Georgiou, Katerina; Hemes, Kyle S.; Malhotra, Avni; Nolan, Connor J.; Jackson, Robert B.

doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00867-1

Title: Fire effects on the persistence of soil organic matter and long-term carbon storage

Journal Article · 22 December 2021 · Nature Geoscience

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00867-1 · OSTI ID:1860649

^[1]; Harden, Jennifer ^[2];

^[3];

^[2];

^[2]; Nolan, Connor J. ^[2];

^[2]

Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

One paradigm in biogeochemistry is that frequent disturbance tends to deplete carbon (C) in soil organic matter (SOM) by reducing biomass inputs and promoting losses. However, disturbance by fire has challenged this paradigm because soil C responses to frequent and/or intense fires are highly variable, despite observed declines in biomass inputs. Here, we review recent advances to illustrate that fire-driven changes in decomposition, mediated by altered SOM stability, are an important compensatory process offsetting declines in aboveground biomass pools. Fire alters the stability of SOM by affecting both the physicochemical properties of the SOM and the environmental drivers of decomposition, potentially offsetting C lost via combustion, but the mechanisms affecting the SOM stability differ across ecosystems. Thus, shifting our focus from a top-down view of fire impacting C cycling via changes in plant biomass to a bottom-up view of changes in decomposition may help to elucidate counterintuitive trends in the response of SOM to burning. Finally, given that 70% of global topsoil C is in fire-prone regions, using fire to promote SOM stability may be an important nature-based climate solution to increase C storage.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment; The Center for Ecosystem Climate Solutions; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1860649

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-825832; 1039383

Journal Information:: Nature Geoscience, Journal Name: Nature Geoscience Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 1752-0894

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Relationships Among Fires, Fungi, and soil Dynamics in Alaskan Boreal Forests Treseder, Kathleen K.; Mack, Michelle C.; Cross, Alison Ecological Applications, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5133	journal	December 2004
Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West DeLuca, Thomas H.; Aplet, Gregory H. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1890/070070	journal	February 2008
Fire effects on temperate forest soil C and N storage Nave, Lucas E.; Vance, Eric D.; Swanston, Christopher W. Ecological Applications, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0660.1	journal	June 2011
Carbon accumulation and nitrogen pool recovery during transitions from savanna to forest in central Brazil Pellegrini, Adam F. A.; Hoffmann, William A.; Franco, Augusto C. Ecology, Vol. 95, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0290.1	journal	February 2014
Forest Fire Effects on Soil Phyllosilicates in California Ulery, A. L.; Graham, R. C.; Bowen, L. H. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000010047x	journal	January 1996
Response of Surface Horizons in an Oak Forest to Prescribed Burning Phillips, D. H.; Foss, J. E.; Buckner, E. R. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 64, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.642754x	journal	March 2000
Changes in Soil Mineralogy and Texture Caused by Slash-and-Burn Fires in Sumatra, Indonesia Ketterings, Quirine M.; Bigham, Jerry M.; Laperche, Vale´rie Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 64, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6431108x	journal	January 2000
Regridded Harmonized World Soil Database v1.2 Wieder, W. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1247	collection	January 2014
Pyrogenic Carbon in Soils: A Literature-Based Inventory and a Global Estimation of Its Content in Soil Organic Carbon and Stocks Reisser, Moritz; Purves, Ross S.; Schmidt, Michael W. I. Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00080	journal	August 2016
Vulnerability of Physically Protected Soil Organic Carbon to Loss Under Low Severity Fires Jian, Mathew; Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw; Berli, Markus Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00066	journal	July 2018
The Influence of Fire on the Radiocarbon Signature and Character of Soil Organic Matter in the Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon, USA Heckman, Katherine; Campbell, John; Powers, Heath Fire Ecology, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0902040	journal	August 2013
Fire Reduces Fungal Species Richness and In Situ Mycorrhizal Colonization: A Meta-Analysis Dove, Nicholas C.; Hart, Stephen C. Fire Ecology, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.130237746	journal	August 2017
Frequent burning causes large losses of carbon from deep soil layers in a temperate savanna Pellegrini, Adam Francis; McLauchlan, Kendra K.; Hobbie, Sarah E. Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.02v6wwq07	dataset	January 2020
Repeated fire shifts carbon and nitrogen cycling by changing plant inputs and soil decomposition across ecosystems Pellegrini, Adam Francis; Hobbie, Sarah; Reich, Peter Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xwdbrv19n	dataset	January 2020
Fire-derived organic carbon in soil turns over on a centennial scale Singh, N.; Abiven, S.; Torn, M. S. Biogeosciences, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2847-2012	journal	January 2012
Global Carbon Budget 2020 Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020	journal	January 2020
Fire effects on temperate forest soil C and N storage Nave, Lucas E.; Vance, Eric D.; Swanston, Christopher W. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3294917.v1	collection	January 2016
Carbon accumulation and nitrogen pool recovery during transitions from savanna to forest in central Brazil Pellegrini, Adam F. A.; Hoffmann, William A.; Franco, Augusto C. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3306477	collection	January 2016

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