A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes

Stanier, Adam John; Chacon, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111144

Title: A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes

Abstract

We report that the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model is widely used to study challenging multi-scale problems in space and laboratory plasma physics. Here, a novel conservative scheme for this model employing implicit particle-in-cell techniques is extended to arbitrary coordinate systems via curvilinear maps from logical to physical space. The scheme features a fully non-linear electromagnetic formulation with a multi-rate time advance - including sub-cycling and orbit-averaging for the kinetic ions. By careful choice of compatible particle-based kinetic-ion and mesh-based fluid-electron discretizations in curvilinear coordinates, as well as particle-mesh interpolations and implicit midpoint time advance, the scheme is proven to conserve total energy for arbitrary curvilinear meshes. In the electrostatic limit, the method is also proven to conserve total momentum for arbitrary curvilinear meshes. Although momentum is not conserved for arbitrary curvilinear meshes in the electromagnetic case, it is for an important subset of Cartesian tensor-packed meshes. The scheme and its novel conservation properties are demonstrated for several challenging numerical problems using different curvilinear meshes, including a merging flux-rope simulation for a space weather application, and a helical m = 1 mode simulation for magnetic fusion energy application.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC). Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1859901

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-29944
Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9991; TRN: US2305382

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Computational Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 459; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9991

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; hybrid; curvilinear; plasma; particle-in-cell; space weather; fusion

Citation Formats


                    Stanier, Adam John, and Chacon, Luis. A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111144.

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                    Stanier, Adam John, & Chacon, Luis. A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111144

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                    Stanier, Adam John, and Chacon, Luis. Tue .  
"A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111144.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1859901.

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@article{osti_1859901,

  title        = {A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes},

  author       = {Stanier, Adam John and Chacon, Luis},

  abstractNote = {We report that the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model is widely used to study challenging multi-scale problems in space and laboratory plasma physics. Here, a novel conservative scheme for this model employing implicit particle-in-cell techniques is extended to arbitrary coordinate systems via curvilinear maps from logical to physical space. The scheme features a fully non-linear electromagnetic formulation with a multi-rate time advance - including sub-cycling and orbit-averaging for the kinetic ions. By careful choice of compatible particle-based kinetic-ion and mesh-based fluid-electron discretizations in curvilinear coordinates, as well as particle-mesh interpolations and implicit midpoint time advance, the scheme is proven to conserve total energy for arbitrary curvilinear meshes. In the electrostatic limit, the method is also proven to conserve total momentum for arbitrary curvilinear meshes. Although momentum is not conserved for arbitrary curvilinear meshes in the electromagnetic case, it is for an important subset of Cartesian tensor-packed meshes. The scheme and its novel conservation properties are demonstrated for several challenging numerical problems using different curvilinear meshes, including a merging flux-rope simulation for a space weather application, and a helical m = 1 mode simulation for magnetic fusion energy application.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111144},

  journal      = {Journal of Computational Physics},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 459,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Tue Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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Title: A conservative implicit-PIC scheme for the hybrid kinetic-ion fluid-electron plasma model on curvilinear meshes

Abstract

Citation Formats

Low frequency fully kinetic simulation of the toroidal ion temperature gradient instability journal, August 2017

Finite-Grid Instability in Quasineutral Hybrid Simulations journal, April 1995

Hybrid Simulations of the Effects of Energetic Particles on Low-Frequency MHD Waves journal, September 1997

High-Resolution Hybrid Simulations of Kinetic Plasma Turbulence at Proton Scales journal, October 2015

A fully implicit, conservative, non-linear, electromagnetic hybrid particle-ion/fluid-electron algorithm journal, January 2019

Role of Ion Kinetic Physics in the Interaction of Magnetic Flux Ropes journal, October 2015

Re-forming supercritical quasi-parallel shocks: 1. One- and two-dimensional simulations journal, January 1990

Controlling self-force errors at refinement boundaries for AMR-PIC journal, February 2010

Fluid vs. kinetic magnetic reconnection with strong guide fields journal, October 2015

Wavelet methods for studying the onset of strong plasma turbulence journal, December 2018

Current Advance Method and Cyclic Leapfrog for 2D Multispecies Hybrid Plasma Simulations journal, May 1994

A non-staggered, conservative, , finite-volume scheme for 3D implicit extended magnetohydrodynamics in curvilinear geometries journal, November 2004

Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov methods: a survey of approaches and applications journal, January 2004

Temperature gradient driven heat flux closure in fluid simulations of collisionless reconnection journal, June 2018

Two-way coupled MHD-PIC simulations of magnetic reconnection in magnetic island coalescence journal, May 2018

Magnetic field and density fluctuations at perpendicular supercritical collisionless shocks journal, January 1988

A computational model for exploring particle acceleration during reconnection in macroscale systems journal, January 2019

Astrophysical Explosions Revisited: Collisionless Coupling of Debris to Magnetized Plasma journal, September 2021

A new 3-D spherical hybrid model for solar wind interaction studies: 3-D SPHERICAL HYBRID MODEL journal, August 2013

The link between shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas journal, June 2014

A.I.K.E.F.: Adaptive hybrid model for space plasma simulations journal, April 2011

Subproton-Scale Cascades in Solar wind Turbulence: Driven Hybrid-Kinetic Simulations journal, April 2016

The island coalescence problem: Scaling of reconnection in extended fluid models including higher-order moments journal, November 2015

Self-focusing of local plasma currents journal, September 1965

Low-noise electromagnetic and relativistic particle-in-cell plasma simulation models journal, September 1999

The coalescence instability in collisionless plasmas journal, October 1992

Structure and Properties of the Foreshock at Venus journal, October 2017

Hybrid simulation codes with application to shocks and upstream waves journal, October 1985

Hybrid simulations of a parallel collisionless shock in the large plasma device journal, December 2016

A robust method for handling low density regions in hybrid simulations for collisionless plasmas journal, October 2014

Three-dimensional stability of current sheets supported by electron pressure anisotropy journal, October 2019

Origin of Mercury’s double magnetopause: 3D hybrid simulation study with A.I.K.E.F. journal, March 2012

A global method of solving the electron-field equations in a zero-inertia-electron-hybrid plasma simulation code journal, December 1980

Electrostatic mode associated with the pinch velocity in reversed field pinch simulations journal, December 2008

Bursty magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause triggered by high-speed jets journal, September 2021

Electromagnetic ion beam instabilities: Comparison of one- and two-dimensional simulations journal, January 1986

Hybrid simulations of quasineutral phenomena in magnetized plasma journal, June 1978

A multi-dimensional, energy- and charge-conserving, nonlinearly implicit, electromagnetic Vlasov–Darwin particle-in-cell algorithm journal, December 2015

Coalescence instability of magnetic islands journal, January 1977

Magnetically Self-Focussing Streams journal, June 1934

Global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of internal kink instabilities journal, December 2012

Orbit-averaged implicit particle codes journal, March 1982

Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of laser-driven plasma interpenetration, heating, and entrainment journal, November 2019

Heuristic stability theory for finite-difference equations journal, June 1968

A cancellation problem in hybrid particle-in-cell schemes due to finite particle size journal, November 2020

A multidimensional quasineutral plasma simulation model journal, November 1978

Use of a hybrid code to model the Earth's magnetosphere journal, February 1995

A Flexible Inner-Outer Preconditioned GMRES Algorithm journal, March 1993

An unsupervised machine-learning checkpoint-restart algorithm using Gaussian mixtures for particle-in-cell simulations journal, July 2021

MHD-kinetic hybrid code based on structure-preserving finite elements with particles-in-cell journal, May 2021

The role of guide field in magnetic reconnection driven by island coalescence journal, February 2017

Quasineutral hybrid simulation of macroscopic plasma phenomena journal, September 1982

A generalized quasi-neutral fluid-particle hybrid plasma model and its application to energetic-particle-magnetohydrodynamics hybrid simulation journal, August 2018

Flux Pileup in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection: Bursty Interaction of Large Flux Ropes journal, July 2011

Pegasus: A new hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell code for astrophysical plasma dynamics journal, February 2014

Low frequency fully kinetic simulation of the toroidal ion temperature gradient instability
journal, August 2017

Finite-Grid Instability in Quasineutral Hybrid Simulations
journal, April 1995

Hybrid Simulations of the Effects of Energetic Particles on Low-Frequency MHD Waves
journal, September 1997

High-Resolution Hybrid Simulations of Kinetic Plasma Turbulence at Proton Scales
journal, October 2015

A fully implicit, conservative, non-linear, electromagnetic hybrid particle-ion/fluid-electron algorithm
journal, January 2019

Role of Ion Kinetic Physics in the Interaction of Magnetic Flux Ropes
journal, October 2015

Re-forming supercritical quasi-parallel shocks: 1. One- and two-dimensional simulations
journal, January 1990

Controlling self-force errors at refinement boundaries for AMR-PIC
journal, February 2010

Fluid vs. kinetic magnetic reconnection with strong guide fields
journal, October 2015

Wavelet methods for studying the onset of strong plasma turbulence
journal, December 2018

Current Advance Method and Cyclic Leapfrog for 2D Multispecies Hybrid Plasma Simulations
journal, May 1994

A non-staggered, conservative, , finite-volume scheme for 3D implicit extended magnetohydrodynamics in curvilinear geometries
journal, November 2004

Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov methods: a survey of approaches and applications
journal, January 2004

Temperature gradient driven heat flux closure in fluid simulations of collisionless reconnection
journal, June 2018

Two-way coupled MHD-PIC simulations of magnetic reconnection in magnetic island coalescence
journal, May 2018

Magnetic field and density fluctuations at perpendicular supercritical collisionless shocks
journal, January 1988

A computational model for exploring particle acceleration during reconnection in macroscale systems
journal, January 2019

Astrophysical Explosions Revisited: Collisionless Coupling of Debris to Magnetized Plasma
journal, September 2021

A new 3-D spherical hybrid model for solar wind interaction studies: 3-D SPHERICAL HYBRID MODEL
journal, August 2013

The link between shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas
journal, June 2014

A.I.K.E.F.: Adaptive hybrid model for space plasma simulations
journal, April 2011

Subproton-Scale Cascades in Solar wind Turbulence: Driven Hybrid-Kinetic Simulations
journal, April 2016

The island coalescence problem: Scaling of reconnection in extended fluid models including higher-order moments
journal, November 2015

Self-focusing of local plasma currents
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Low-noise electromagnetic and relativistic particle-in-cell plasma simulation models
journal, September 1999

The coalescence instability in collisionless plasmas
journal, October 1992

Structure and Properties of the Foreshock at Venus
journal, October 2017

Hybrid simulation codes with application to shocks and upstream waves
journal, October 1985

Hybrid simulations of a parallel collisionless shock in the large plasma device
journal, December 2016

A robust method for handling low density regions in hybrid simulations for collisionless plasmas
journal, October 2014

Three-dimensional stability of current sheets supported by electron pressure anisotropy
journal, October 2019

Origin of Mercury’s double magnetopause: 3D hybrid simulation study with A.I.K.E.F.
journal, March 2012

A global method of solving the electron-field equations in a zero-inertia-electron-hybrid plasma simulation code
journal, December 1980

Electrostatic mode associated with the pinch velocity in reversed field pinch simulations
journal, December 2008

Bursty magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause triggered by high-speed jets
journal, September 2021

Electromagnetic ion beam instabilities: Comparison of one- and two-dimensional simulations
journal, January 1986

Hybrid simulations of quasineutral phenomena in magnetized plasma
journal, June 1978

A multi-dimensional, energy- and charge-conserving, nonlinearly implicit, electromagnetic Vlasov–Darwin particle-in-cell algorithm
journal, December 2015

Coalescence instability of magnetic islands
journal, January 1977

Magnetically Self-Focussing Streams
journal, June 1934

Global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of internal kink instabilities
journal, December 2012

Orbit-averaged implicit particle codes
journal, March 1982

Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations of laser-driven plasma interpenetration, heating, and entrainment
journal, November 2019

Heuristic stability theory for finite-difference equations
journal, June 1968

A cancellation problem in hybrid particle-in-cell schemes due to finite particle size
journal, November 2020

A multidimensional quasineutral plasma simulation model
journal, November 1978

Use of a hybrid code to model the Earth's magnetosphere
journal, February 1995

A Flexible Inner-Outer Preconditioned GMRES Algorithm
journal, March 1993

An unsupervised machine-learning checkpoint-restart algorithm using Gaussian mixtures for particle-in-cell simulations
journal, July 2021

MHD-kinetic hybrid code based on structure-preserving finite elements with particles-in-cell
journal, May 2021

The role of guide field in magnetic reconnection driven by island coalescence
journal, February 2017

Quasineutral hybrid simulation of macroscopic plasma phenomena
journal, September 1982

A generalized quasi-neutral fluid-particle hybrid plasma model and its application to energetic-particle-magnetohydrodynamics hybrid simulation
journal, August 2018

Flux Pileup in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection: Bursty Interaction of Large Flux Ropes
journal, July 2011

Pegasus: A new hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell code for astrophysical plasma dynamics
journal, February 2014