X-ray free-electron laser based dark-field X-ray microscopy: a simulation-based study

Holstad, Theodor Secanell; Ræder, Trygve Magnus; Carlsen, Mads; Bergbäck Knudsen, Erik; Dresselhaus-Marais, Leora; Haldrup, Kristoffer; Simons, Hugh; Nielsen, Martin Meedom; Poulsen, Henning Friis

doi:10.1107/s1600576721012760

Title: X-ray free-electron laser based dark-field X-ray microscopy: a simulation-based study

Journal Article · 31 January 2022 · Journal of Applied Crystallography (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721012760 · OSTI ID:1856259

^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]

Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Dark-field X-ray microscopy (DFXM) is a nondestructive full-field imaging technique providing three-dimensional mapping of microstructure and local strain fields in deeply embedded crystalline elements. This is achieved by placing an objective lens in the diffracted beam, giving a magnified projection image. So far, the method has been applied with a time resolution of milliseconds to hours. In this work, the feasibility of DFXM at the picosecond time scale using an X-ray free-electron laser source and a pump–probe scheme is considered. Thermomechanical strain-wave simulations are combined with geometrical optics and wavefront propagation optics to simulate DFXM images of phonon dynamics in a diamond single crystal. Using the specifications of the XCS instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source as an example results in simulated DFXM images clearly showing the propagation of a strain wave.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education; European Research Council (ERC); USDOE; VILLUM FONDEN

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1856259

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Crystallography (Online), Journal Name: Journal of Applied Crystallography (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 55; ISSN 1600-5767

Publisher:: International Union of CrystallographyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (48)

Acoustic wavefront imaging Wolfe, J. P.; Hauser, M. R. Annalen der Physik, Vol. 507, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19955070203	journal	January 1995
Lattice Constants and Thermal Expansion of Gold up to 878 °C by X-Ray Method Dutta, B. N.; Dayal, B. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19630030312	journal	January 1963
Picosecond X-ray diffraction studies of laser-excited acoustic phonons in InSb Larsson, J.; Allen, A.; Bucksbaum, P. H. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 75, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003390201421	journal	October 2002
Measurements of specific heat and mass density in CVD diamond Graebner, J. E. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-9635(96)00550-X	journal	November 1996
Hot-electron blast induced by ultrashort-pulsed lasers in layered media Tzou, D. Y.; Chen, J. K.; Beraun, J. E. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 45, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00053-4	journal	July 2002
udkm1Dsim—A simulation toolkit for 1D ultrafast dynamics in condensed matter Schick, D.; Bojahr, A.; Herzog, M. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 185, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2013.10.009	journal	February 2014
udkm1Dsim – a Python toolbox for simulating 1D ultrafast dynamics in condensed matter Schick, Daniel Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 266 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108031	journal	September 2021
Thermal expansion coefficient of diamond in a wide temperature range Jacobson, P.; Stoupin, S. Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2019.107469	journal	August 2019
Determination of acoustic wave velocities and elastic properties for diamond and other hard materials Wang, Sea-Fue; Hsu, Yung-Fu; Pu, Jui-Chen Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.02.003	journal	June 2004
Quantitative mapping of nanotwin variants in the bulk Schultheiß, Jan; Porz, Lukas; Kodumudi Venkataraman, Lalitha Scripta Materialia, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.113878	journal	July 2021
Tuning and Tracking of Coherent Shear Waves in Molecular Films Lemke, Henrik Till; Breiby, Dag Werner; Ejdrup, Tine ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01400	journal	August 2018
A compound refractive lens for focusing high-energy X-rays Snigirev, A.; Kohn, V.; Snigireva, I. Nature, Vol. 384, Issue 6604 https://doi.org/10.1038/384049a0	journal	November 1996
Femtosecond electron imaging of defect-modulated phonon dynamics Cremons, Daniel R.; Plemmons, Dayne A.; Flannigan, David J. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11230	journal	April 2016
Dark-field X-ray microscopy for multiscale structural characterization Simons, H.; King, A.; Ludwig, W. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7098	journal	January 2015
Quasi-ballistic thermal transport from nanoscale interfaces observed using ultrafast coherent soft X-ray beams Siemens, Mark E.; Li, Qing; Yang, Ronggui Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2568	journal	November 2009
Phonon waveguides for electromechanical circuits Hatanaka, D.; Mahboob, I.; Onomitsu, K. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.107	journal	June 2014
Long-range symmetry breaking in embedded ferroelectrics Simons, Hugh; Haugen, Astri Bjørnetun; Jakobsen, Anders Clemen Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0116-3	journal	June 2018
Dislocation-toughened ceramics Porz, Lukas; Klomp, Arne J.; Fang, Xufei Materials Horizons, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MH02033H	journal	January 2021
Heat Capacity of Diamond at High Temperatures Victor, Andrew C. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1701288	journal	April 1962
Impact response of titanium from the ambient temperature to 1000 °C Zaretsky, E. B. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 104, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3042229	journal	December 2008
Real-time observation of coherent acoustic phonons generated by an acoustically mismatched optoacoustic transducer using x-ray diffraction Persson, A. I. H.; Enquist, H.; Jurgilaitis, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935269	journal	November 2015
First principles calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of metals considering phonon-phonon and phonon-electron scattering Wang, Yan; Lu, Zexi; Ruan, Xiulin Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953366	journal	June 2016
Communication: Demonstration of a 20 ps X-ray switch based on a photoacoustic transducer Jarnac, A.; Wang, Xiaocui; Bengtsson, Å. U. J. Structural Dynamics, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993730	journal	September 2017
Imaging microstructural dynamics and strain fields in electro-active materials in situ with dark field x-ray microscopy Ormstrup, Jeppe; Østergaard, Emil V.; Detlefs, Carsten Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 91, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5142319	journal	June 2020
Ultrasonic inspection of fake gold jewelry Ismail, Mohamad Pauzi; Sani, Suhairy; Mohd Shofri, Faris Syazwan bin IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 298 https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/298/1/012025	journal	January 2018
Lattice specific heat and thermal expansion of titanium Rao, R. Ramji; Rajput, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.19.3323	journal	March 1979
Thermal diffusivity of isotopically enriched C 12 diamond Anthony, T. R.; Banholzer, W. F.; Fleischer, J. F. Physical Review B, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.42.1104	journal	July 1990
Electron-phonon coupling and electron heat capacity of metals under conditions of strong electron-phonon nonequilibrium Lin, Zhibin; Zhigilei, Leonid V.; Celli, Vittorio Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.075133	journal	February 2008
Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction from Coherent Phonons during a Laser-Induced Phase Transition Lindenberg, A. M.; Kang, I.; Johnson, S. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.111	journal	January 2000
Dynamical theory of diffraction applicable to crystals with any kind of small distortion Takagi, S. Acta Crystallographica, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X62003473	journal	December 1962
Picosecond time-resolved laser pump/X-ray probe experiments using a gated single-photon-counting area detector Ejdrup, T.; Lemke, H. T.; Haldrup, K. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049509004658	journal	March 2009
X-ray diffraction microscopy based on refractive optics Poulsen, H. F.; Jakobsen, A. C.; Simons, H. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 50, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576717011037	journal	September 2017
Reciprocal space mapping and strain scanning using X-ray diffraction microscopy Poulsen, H. F.; Cook, P. K.; Leemreize, H. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 51, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576718011378	journal	September 2018
Mapping of individual dislocations with dark-field X-ray microscopy Jakobsen, A. C.; Simons, H.; Ludwig, W. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576718017302	journal	February 2019
Geometrical-optics formalism to model contrast in dark-field X-ray microscopy Poulsen, H. F.; Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E.; Carlsen, M. A. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576721007287	journal	October 2021
Simulating and optimizing compound refractive lens-based X-ray microscopes Simons, Hugh; Ahl, Sonja Rosenlund; Poulsen, Henning Friis Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 24, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057751602049X	journal	February 2017
The fractional Fourier transform as a simulation tool for lens-based X-ray microscopy Pedersen, Anders Filsøe; Simons, Hugh; Detlefs, Carsten Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577518003028	journal	April 2018
Determination of X-ray pulse duration via intensity correlation measurements of X-ray fluorescence Inoue, Ichiro; Tamasaku, Kenji; Osaka, Taito Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577519011202	journal	September 2019
Improved Two-Temperature Model and Its Application in Ultrashort Laser Heating of Metal Films Jiang, Lan; Tsai, Hai-Lung Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 127, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2035113	journal	June 2005
Imaging of terahertz fields and responses Ofori-Okai, Benjamin K.; Sivarajah, Prasahnt; Teo, Stephanie M. SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2063350	conference	September 2014
In situ visualization of long-range defect interactions at the edge of melting Dresselhaus-Marais, Leora E.; Winther, Grethe; Howard, Marylesa Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe8311	journal	July 2021
Ultrafast Three-Dimensional Imaging of Lattice Dynamics in Individual Gold Nanocrystals Clark, J. N.; Beitra, L.; Xiong, G. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6141 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1236034	journal	May 2013
Time-Resolved X-Ray Microscopy for Materials Science Wen, Haidan; Cherukara, Mathew J.; Holt, Martin V. Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070616-124014	journal	July 2019
Thermal conductivity of metals and alloys Klemens, P. G.; Williams, R. K. International Materials Reviews, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1179/095066086790324294	journal	January 1986
Coherent-mode representation of Gaussian Schell-model sources and of their radiation fields Starikov, A.; Wolf, E. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 72, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.72.000923	journal	January 1982
Multiscale 3D characterization with dark-field x-ray microscopy Simons, Hugh; Jakobsen, Anders Clemen; Ahl, Sonja Rosenlund MRS Bulletin, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.114	journal	June 2016
Probing nanoscale structure and strain by dark-field x-ray microscopy Yildirim, Can; Cook, Phil; Detlefs, Carsten MRS Bulletin, Vol. 45, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.89	journal	April 2020
Thermal expansion of titanium Hidnert, P. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.030.008	journal	February 1943