Enabling DER Participation in Frequency Regulation Markets

Srivastava, Priyank; Chang, Chin-Yao; Cortes, Jorge

doi:10.1109/TCST.2022.3143711

Title: Enabling DER Participation in Frequency Regulation Markets

Journal Article · 24 February 2022 · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2022.3143711 · OSTI ID:1856214

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Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are playing an increasing role in ancillary services for the bulk grid, particularly in frequency regulation. In this article, we propose a framework for collections of DERs, combined to form microgrids and controlled by aggregators, to participate in frequency regulation markets. Our approach covers both the identification of bids for the market clearing stage and the mechanisms for the real-time allocation of the regulation signal. The proposed framework is hierarchical, consisting of a top layer and a bottom layer. The top layer consists of the aggregators communicating in a distributed fashion to optimally disaggregate the regulation signal requested by the system operator. The bottom layer consists of the DERs inside each microgrid whose power levels are adjusted so that the tie line power matches the output of the corresponding aggregator in the top layer. The coordination at the top layer requires the knowledge of cost functions, ramp rates, and capacity bounds of the aggregators. We develop meaningful abstractions for these quantities respecting the power flow constraints and taking into account the load uncertainties and propose a provably correct distributed algorithm for optimal disaggregation of regulation signals among the microgrids.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; AR0000695

OSTI ID:: 1856214

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5D00-82444; MainId:83217; UUID:4104389d-a8bb-468f-9679-505a8d689812; MainAdminID:64089

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 30; ISSN 1063-6536

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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