A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy

Buenau, Kate E.; Garavelli, Lysel; Hemery, Lenaïg G.; García Medina, Gabriel

doi:10.3390/jmse10010094

Title: A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy

Journal Article · 10 January 2022 · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010094 · OSTI ID:1854916

^[1]; Garavelli, Lysel ^[2];

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^[2]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Sequim, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Seattle, WA (United States)

Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Water Power Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1854916

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-156376

Journal Information:: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Name: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 10; ISSN 2077-1312

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Performance and Wake Characterization of a Model Hydrokinetic Turbine: The Reference Model 1 (RM1) Dual Rotor Tidal Energy Converter Hill, Craig; Neary, Vincent S.; Guala, Michele Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13195145	journal	October 2020
Using Coupled Hydrodynamic Biogeochemical Models to Predict the Effects of Tidal Turbine Arrays on Phytoplankton Dynamics Schuchert, Pia; Kregting, Louise; Pritchard, Daniel Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020058	journal	May 2018
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Wave Energy Resource Assessment for Exploitation—A Review Guillou, Nicolas; Lavidas, George; Chapalain, Georges Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090705	journal	September 2020
The Use of Animal-Borne Biologging and Telemetry Data to Quantify Spatial Overlap of Wildlife with Marine Renewables Isaksson, Natalie; Cleasby, Ian R.; Owen, Ellie Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030263	journal	March 2021
Making Marine Noise Pollution Impacts Heard: The Case of Cetaceans in the North Sea within Life Cycle Impact Assessment Middel, Heleen; Verones, Francesca Sustainability, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071138	journal	June 2017
Analysing the Near-Field Effects and the Power Production of Near-Shore WEC Array Using a New Wave-to-Wire Model Balitsky, Philip; Quartier, Nicolas; Stratigaki, Vasiliki Water, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061137	journal	May 2019
Distribution and potential larval connectivity of the non-native Watersipora (Bryozoa) among harbors, offshore oil platforms, and natural reefs Page, Henry Aquatic Invasions, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.4.04	journal	January 2019
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Tethys knowledge management system: Working to advance the marine renewable energy industry Whiting, Jonathan; Copping, Andrea; Freeman, Mikaela International Marine Energy Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 1 (Nov) https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.2.29-38	journal	October 2019
Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight flyway Rothermel, Ella; O'Brien, Michael; Secor, David Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6hdr7sqx3	dataset	January 2020
Environmental and Ecological Effects of Ocean Renewable Energy Development – A Current Synthesis Boehlert, George; Gill, Andrew Oceanography, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2010.46	journal	June 2010
Random Forests for Classification in Ecology Cutler, D. Richard; Edwards, Thomas C.; Beard, Karen H. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3300029.v1	collection	January 2016

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