High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery

Hou, Singyuk; Chen, Long; Fan, Xiulin; Fan, Xiaotong; Ji, Xiao; Wang, Boyu; Cui, Chunyu; Chen, Ji; Yang, Chongyin; Wang, Wei; Li, Chunzhong; Wang, Chunsheng

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x

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Title: High-energy and low-cost membrane-free chlorine flow battery

Journal Article · 10 March 2022 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28880-x · OSTI ID:1854384

;

; Fan, Xiulin; Fan, Xiaotong;

; Wang, Boyu; Cui, Chunyu; Chen, Ji;

;

Abstract Grid-scale energy storage is essential for reliable electricity transmission and renewable energy integration. Redox flow batteries (RFB) provide affordable and scalable solutions for stationary energy storage. However, most of the current RFB chemistries are based on expensive transition metal ions or synthetic organics. Here, we report a reversible chlorine redox flow battery starting from the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl electrolyte and the as-produced Cl ₂ is extracted and stored in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl ₄ ) or mineral spirit flow. The immiscibility between the CCl ₄ or mineral spirit and NaCl electrolyte enables a membrane-free design with an energy efficiency of >91% at 10 mA/cm ² and an energy density of 125.7 Wh/L. The chlorine flow battery can meet the stringent price and reliability target for stationary energy storage with the inherently low-cost active materials (~$5/kWh) and the highly reversible Cl ₂ /Cl ⁻ redox reaction.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AR0000389

OSTI ID:: 1854384

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-158978; 1281; PII: 28880

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 13; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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