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Title: Amorphization of Pseudocapacitive T−Nb 2 O 5 Accelerates Lithium Diffusivity as Revealed Using Tunable Isomorphic Architectures

Journal Article · · Batteries & Supercaps

Abstract Intercalation pseudocapacitance can combine capacitor‐like power densities with battery‐like energy densities. Such surface‐limited behavior requires rapid diffusion where amorphization can increase solid‐state diffusivity. Here intercalation pseudocapacitive materials with tailored extents of amorphization in T‐Nb 2 O 5 are first reported. Amorphization was characterized with WAXS, XPS, XAFS, and EPR which suggested a peroxide‐rich (O 2 2− ) surface that was consistent with DFT predictions. A series of tunable isomorphic architectures enabled comparisons while independently varying transport parameters. Through process of elimination, solid‐state lithium diffusion was identified as the dominant diffusive‐constraint dictating the maximum voltage sweep rate for surface‐limited kinetics ( v SLT ), termed the Surface‐Limited Threshold (SLT). The v SLT increased with amorphization however stable cycling required crystalline T‐Nb 2 O 5 . A current‐response model using series‐impedances well‐matched these observations. This perspective revealed that amorphization of T‐Nb 2 O 5 enhanced solid‐state diffusion by 12.2 % and increased surface‐limitations by 17.0 % (stable samples). This approach enabled retaining 95 % lithiation capacity at ∼800 mV s −1 (1,600 C‐rate equivalent).

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division; University of South Carolina
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1854056
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-831801; e202200056
Journal Information:
Batteries & Supercaps, Journal Name: Batteries & Supercaps Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 5; ISSN 2566-6223
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

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