Minimizing Ecological Impacts of Marine Energy Lighting

Reilly, Caroline E.; Larson, Julia; Amerson, Alicia M.; Staines, Garrett J.; Haxel, Joseph H.; Pattison, Paul Morgan

doi:10.3390/jmse10030354

Title: Minimizing Ecological Impacts of Marine Energy Lighting

Journal Article · 01 March 2022 · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030354 · OSTI ID:1846999

;

; Staines, Garrett J.; Haxel, Joseph H.; Pattison, Paul Morgan

Marine energy is poised to become an important renewable energy contributor for the U.S., but widespread deployment of the technology hinges on its benefits outweighing the potential ecological impacts. One stressor marine energy installations introduce is light, which is known to cause varying responses among wildlife and has not yet been addressed as an environmental concern. This review discusses requirements and regulations for similar structures and how lighting design choices can be made to meet these requirements while minimizing environmental consequences. More practical guidance on implementing lighting for marine energy is needed, as well as updated guidelines to reflect technological and research advances. Known responses of wildlife to light are introduced in addition to how the responses of individuals may lead to ecosystem-level changes. The impact of light associated with marine energy installations can be reduced by following basic guidance provided herein, such as removing excess lighting, using lights with high directionality, and employing controls to reduce light levels. Continued research on animal responses to light, such as findings on minimum light levels for animal responses, alongside the development of highly-sensitivity spectral characterization capabilities can further inform lighting guidelines for deploying future open ocean marine energy devices.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Water Power Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1846999

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-170246; PII: jmse10030354

Journal Information:: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Name: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 10; ISSN JMSEGL; ISSN 2077-1312

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
anthropogenic lighting
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Title: Minimizing Ecological Impacts of Marine Energy Lighting

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