Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone

McFarlane, Karis J.; Throckmorton, Heather M.; Heikoop, Jeffrey M.; Newman, Brent D.; Hedgpeth, Alexandra L.; Repasch, Marisa N.; Guilderson, Thomas P.; Wilson, Cathy J.

doi:10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022

Title: Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone

Journal Article · 28 February 2022 · Biogeosciences (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022 · OSTI ID:1846717

; Throckmorton, Heather M.; Heikoop, Jeffrey M.; Newman, Brent D.; Hedgpeth, Alexandra L.;

; Guilderson, Thomas P.;

Abstract. Climate change will alter the balance between frozen and thawed conditions in Arctic systems. Increased temperatures will make the extensive northern permafrost carbon stock vulnerable to decomposition and translocation. Production, cycling, and transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are crucial processes for high-latitude ecosystem carbon loss that result in considerable export off the Arctic landscape. To identify where and under what conditions permafrost DOC is mobilized in an Arctic headwater catchment, we measured radiocarbon (14C) of DOC and assessed DOC composition with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) of surface waters and shallow and deep subsurface porewaters from 17 drainages in the Barrow Environmental Observatory in Alaska. Samples were collected in July and September 2013 to assess changes in age and chemistry of DOC over time. DOC age was highly variable ranging from modern (19 ‰ Δ14C) to approximately 7000 BP (−583 ‰ Δ14C). DOC age increased with depth, over the summer as the active layer deepened, and with increasing drainage size. DOC quality indicators reflected a DOC source rich in high molecular-weight and aromatic compounds, characteristics consistent with vegetation-derived organic matter that had undergone little microbial processing, throughout the summer and a weak relationship with DOC age. In deep porewaters, DOC age was also correlated with several biogeochemical indicators (including dissolved methane concentration, δ13C, and the apparent fractionation factor), suggesting a coupling between carbon and redox biogeochemistry influencing methane production. In the drained thawed lake basins included in this study, DOC concentrations and contributions of vegetation-derived organic matter declined with increasing basin age. The weak relationship between DOC age and chemistry and consistency in DOC chemical indicators over the summer suggest a high lability of old DOC released by thawing permafrost.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC52-06NA25396; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1846717

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-22-21810; LLNL-JRNL-808899

Journal Information:: Biogeosciences (Online), Journal Name: Biogeosciences (Online) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 19; ISSN 1726-4189

Publisher:: Copernicus GmbHCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Radiocarbon measurements of ecosystem respiration and soil pore-space CO ₂ in Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska Vaughn, Lydia J. S.; Torn, Margaret S. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1943-2018	journal	January 2018

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Title: Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone

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