Design of an additively manufactured functionally graded material of 316 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V with Ni-20Cr, Cr, and V intermediate compositions

Bobbio, Lourdes D.; Bocklund, Brandon; Simsek, Emrah; Ott, Ryan T.; Kramer, Matt J.; Liu, Zi-Kui; Beese, Allison M.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.102649

Title: Design of an additively manufactured functionally graded material of 316 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V with Ni-20Cr, Cr, and V intermediate compositions

Journal Article · 31 January 2022 · Additive Manufacturing

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102649 · OSTI ID:1846443

Bobbio, Lourdes D. ^[1]; Bocklund, Brandon ^[1]; Simsek, Emrah ^[2]; Ott, Ryan T. ^[2]; Kramer, Matt J. ^[2]; Liu, Zi-Kui ^[1]; Beese, Allison M. ^[1]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

This study presents a method for designing a computationally informed gradient pathway to fabricate a functionally graded material (FGM) with terminal alloys of 316 stainless steel (SS316) and Ti-6Al-4V via directed energy deposition additive manufacturing with powder feedstock. In this work, the grading is accomplished through the introduction of intermediate elements and alloys (Ni-20Cr, Cr, and V) to avoid the brittle Fe-Ti intermetallic phases that form in the direct liquid phase joining of Ti-alloys and stainless steels. Using a combination of equilibrium calculations and Scheil-Gulliver simulations, a compositional pathway was designed to avoid deleterious phases. FGM samples were fabricated and experimentally characterized to determine the viability of the pathway. A change in phases from fcc to bcc was predicted to occur within the Ni-20Cr/Cr gradient region, and this was validated through experimental characterization. No detrimental phases (intermetallic, Laves, or σ phases) formed along the gradient path, demonstrating a successful computationally-informed design and fabrication of an FGM from SS316 to Ti-6Al-4V.

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Research Organization:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358

OSTI ID:: 1846443

Report Number(s):: IS-J-10,716; 90NSSC18K1168; DGE-1449785

Journal Information:: Additive Manufacturing, Journal Name: Additive Manufacturing Vol. 51; ISSN 2214-8604

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Additive manufacturing
Alloys
Functionally graded material (FGM)
Solidification
Thermodynamic modeling

Title: Design of an additively manufactured functionally graded material of 316 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V with Ni-20Cr, Cr, and V intermediate compositions

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