Hydro-Mechanical Measurements of Sheared Crystalline Rock Fractures With Applications for EGS Collab Experiments 1 and 2

Meng, Meng; Frash, Luke Philip; Li, Wenfeng; Welch, Nathan James; Carey, James William; Morris, Joseph; Neupane, Ghanashyam; Ulrich, Craig; Kneafsey, Timothy

doi:10.1029/2021jb023000

Title: Hydro-Mechanical Measurements of Sheared Crystalline Rock Fractures With Applications for EGS Collab Experiments 1 and 2

Journal Article · 21 January 2022 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jb023000 · OSTI ID:1846146

^[1];

^[1]; Morris, Joseph ^[2];

^[3]; Ulrich, Craig ^[4];

^[4]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

We present hydro-mechanical measurements that characterize shear on natural fractures in schist, amphibolite, and rhyolite specimens from the enhanced geothermal system (EGS) Collab Project's Experiment 1 and 2 sites (E1 and E2) at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. We employed a triaxial direct shear method augmented with X-ray imaging to perform hydroshearing (injection-induced shearing) and mechanical shearing on naturally fractured specimens at in situ stress conditions. Measurements included fracture permeability, strength, stress-dependent aperture, shear dilation, and frictional strength. Results reveal that in situ natural fractures must be permeable, weak, and shear-oriented to be hydrosheared, and only a subset of the observable in situ fractures were suitable. When sheared, the fracture permeability typically increased by a factor of 10 or more and this increase was retained over time. However, shear slip did not always result in permeability increase. High phyllosilicate content associated with exceptionally weak fractures exhibited poor or even decreased permeability after stimulation. These measurements in combination with site data were used to conduct a slip-tendency analysis for different fracture sets, and we selected the top candidate natural fractures for hydroshearing at the EGS Collab sites. We also found that the lower in situ shear stress and stronger fractures at the E2 site make hydroshearing more challenging than at the E1 site. Overall, the methods and analysis used in our work can be applied to any geothermal project to identify in situ joint sets that are best suited for hydroshearing, which in turn can help to optimize well placement and energy production.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Geothermal Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1846146

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-22545

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 127; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Hydro-Mechanical Measurements of Sheared Crystalline Rock Fractures With Applications for EGS Collab Experiments 1 and 2

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References (48)

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