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Title: Control of High-Temperature Static and Transient Thermomechanical Behavior of SiMo Ductile Iron by Al Alloying

Journal Article · · International Journal of Metalcasting
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [2]
  1. Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO (United States)
  2. Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI (United States)
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Silicon and molybdenum (SiMo) ductile iron is commonly used for exhaust manifolds because these components experience thermal cycling in oxidizing environment, which requires resistance to fatigue during transient thermomechanical loads. Previous studies have demonstrated that alloying elements, such as Al, to SiMo ductile iron reduces the amount of surface degradation during static high-temperature exposure. However, deterioration of sphericity of the graphite nodules and a decrease in ductility could affect the tendency of cracking during thermal cycling. In this article, the effect of Al alloying on static and transient thermomechanical behavior of SiMo ductile iron was investigated to optimize the amount of Al alloying. A thermodynamic approach was used to confirm the effect of the Al alloying on the phase transformations in two SiMo cast irons, alloyed by 1.8% Al and 3% Al. These two alloys were cast in a laboratory along with the baseline SiMo ductile iron. Several experimental methods were used to evaluate the dimensional stability, physical properties, static oxidation, and failure resistance during constrained thermal cycling testing to compare their high-temperature capability. Experimental results verified that Al alloying increases the temperature range and decreases volume change during eutectoid transformation, which together with enhancement of oxidation protection improved the dimensional stability. Thermocycling tests showed that the number of cycles to failure depends on the amount of Al alloying and the applied high-temperature exposure during each cycle. SEM/EDX, high-resolution TEM and µCT analysis were used to verify the mechanism resulting from the Al alloying protection. It was shown that an optimal level of Al alloying for balancing oxidation and thermal cracking resistance depends on thermomechanical conditions of application.

Research Organization:
Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); Missouri University of Science and Technology; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0008458
OSTI ID:
1845152
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1976768
Journal Information:
International Journal of Metalcasting, Vol. 17, Issue 1; ISSN 1939-5981
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
ductile iron
aluminum alloying
thermomechanical behavior