Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis

Barragan, Nahirobe; Bedi, Deepika; Sivaraman, Mythreyi; Loya, Jesus Daniel; Babaguchi, Kotono; Findlater, Michael; Hutchins, Kristin M.; Yan, Weile

doi:10.1021/acsestwater.1c00278

Title: Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis

Journal Article · 16 January 2022 · ACS ES&T Water

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00278 · OSTI ID:1845084

Barragan, Nahirobe ^[1];

^[2]; Sivaraman, Mythreyi ^[3];

^[2]; Babaguchi, Kotono ^[4]; Findlater, Michael ^[5];

^[2];

^[6]

Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States); Texas Tech University
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)
Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States); Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)

The use of a nonconventional water resource for energy and industrial applications often requires extraction of low-level undesirable ions from matrices of benign dominant ions. In this study, the selective extraction of Ba²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from synthetic brine solutions was evaluated using strong acid cation-exchange membranes modified with the surface deposition of macrocyclic molecules including crown ethers and calixarenes. Compared to the bare membrane, vinylbenzo-18-crown-6 (VB18C6) and calix[4]arene-amended membranes showed increased selectivity for Ba²⁺ and Mg²⁺ with respect to the dominant ion (Na⁺) by up to fourfolds, with the calix[4]arene-modified membrane achieving more selective separation than VB18C6. Optimal selectivity was achieved at a moderate-to-high current density (3.1–6.3 mA/cm²), which was attributed to the alleviation of transport limitation in the boundary layer by the surface modification. Amendment of a calix[4]arene derivative with a crown-6 “boot strap” and two carboxylic groups resulted in reduced selectivity due to the formation of strong complexes with divalent ions. Furthermore, these results show that surface deposition of ion sequestrants can be a versatile approach to improve the membrane’s selectivity; however, the performance is sensitive to feed water salinity, current loading, and the macrocycle-ion chemistry, where there is a trade-off between ion affinity and mobility.

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Research Organization:: Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020204

OSTI ID:: 1845084

Journal Information:: ACS ES&T Water, Journal Name: ACS ES&T Water Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 2; ISSN 2690-0637

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Selective Removal of Barium and Hardness Ions from Brackish Water with Chemically Enhanced Electrodialysis

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