Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations
Abstract
Consequences from a slowdown or collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) could include modulations to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and development of the Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC). Despite potential ramifications to the global climate, our understanding of the influence of various AMOC and PMOC states on ENSO and global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remains limited. Five multicentennial, fully coupled model simulations created with the Community Earth System Model were used to explore the influence of AMOC and PMOC on global SSTs and ENSO. We found that the amplitude of annual cycle SSTs across the tropical Pacific decreases and ENSO amplitude increases as a result of an AMOC shutdown, irrespective of PMOC development. However, active deep overturning circulations in both the Atlantic and Pacific basins reduce ENSO amplitude and variance of monthly SSTs globally. Furthermore, the underlying physical reasons for changes to global SSTs and ENSO are also discussed, with the atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms that drive changes to ENSO amplitude differing based on PMOC state. These results suggest that if climate simulations projecting AMOC weakening are realized, compounding climate impacts could occur given the far-reaching ENSO teleconnections to extreme weather and climate events. More broadly, these resultsmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1845078
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0022070
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Climate
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 35; Journal Issue: 1; Related Information: Molina, M. J., A. Hu, and G. A. Meehl, 2022: Response of global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific meridional overturning circulations. Journal of Climate, 35(1), pp.49-72. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0172.1.; Journal ID: ISSN 0894-8755
- Publisher:
- American Meteorological Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Meridional overturning circulation; ENSO; Tropical variability
Citation Formats
Molina, Maria J., Hu, Aixue, and Meehl, Gerald A. Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-21-0172.1.
Molina, Maria J., Hu, Aixue, & Meehl, Gerald A. Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0172.1
Molina, Maria J., Hu, Aixue, and Meehl, Gerald A. Mon .
"Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0172.1. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1845078.
@article{osti_1845078,
title = {Response of Global SSTs and ENSO to the Atlantic and Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulations},
author = {Molina, Maria J. and Hu, Aixue and Meehl, Gerald A.},
abstractNote = {Consequences from a slowdown or collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) could include modulations to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and development of the Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC). Despite potential ramifications to the global climate, our understanding of the influence of various AMOC and PMOC states on ENSO and global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remains limited. Five multicentennial, fully coupled model simulations created with the Community Earth System Model were used to explore the influence of AMOC and PMOC on global SSTs and ENSO. We found that the amplitude of annual cycle SSTs across the tropical Pacific decreases and ENSO amplitude increases as a result of an AMOC shutdown, irrespective of PMOC development. However, active deep overturning circulations in both the Atlantic and Pacific basins reduce ENSO amplitude and variance of monthly SSTs globally. Furthermore, the underlying physical reasons for changes to global SSTs and ENSO are also discussed, with the atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms that drive changes to ENSO amplitude differing based on PMOC state. These results suggest that if climate simulations projecting AMOC weakening are realized, compounding climate impacts could occur given the far-reaching ENSO teleconnections to extreme weather and climate events. More broadly, these results provide us with insight into past geologic era climate states, when PMOC was active.},
doi = {10.1175/jcli-d-21-0172.1},
journal = {Journal of Climate},
number = 1,
volume = 35,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Mon Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
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