Furfural Upgrading by Aldol Condensation with Ketones over Solid-Base Catalysts

Huang, Renjing; Chang, Jian; Choi, Hyuck; Vohs, John M.; Gorte, Raymond J.

doi:10.1007/s10562-022-03960-1

Title: Furfural Upgrading by Aldol Condensation with Ketones over Solid-Base Catalysts

Journal Article · 24 February 2022 · Catalysis Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-03960-1 · OSTI ID:1844953

Huang, Renjing ^[1]; Chang, Jian ^[2]; Choi, Hyuck ^[2]; Vohs, John M. ^[2]; Gorte, Raymond J. ^[3]

Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States); University of Pennsylvania
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)

Aldol condensation reactions between furfural and various ketones were studied in a flow reactor at 373 K and 100 psi for application to upgrading of furfural. Specific rates for the reaction of acetone and furfural were measured on MgAl₂O₄, Al₂O₃, CaO/MgAl₂O₄ and MgO/MgAl₂O₄ and found to be highest on CaO/MgAl₂O₄. While the presence of CO₂ and H₂O did not affect the stability of the CaO/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst, the catalyst deactivated over a period of a few hours due to the production of 2-furoic acid formed by the Cannizzaro reaction. While aldol condensation rates between furfural and either 2-pentanone and decanal approached that of acetone, rates for 4-heptanone and 2,5-heptanedione were significantly lower because the α-hydrogens of the carbonyl compounds are less easily attacked in these molecules. The selectivity to aldol products is affected by the relative rates of the aldol-condensation and the Cannizzaro reactions. Possible strategies for maximizing production of the aldol products with larger ketones are discussed.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Engineering & Technology

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001004

OSTI ID:: 1844953

Journal Information:: Catalysis Letters, Journal Name: Catalysis Letters Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 152; ISSN 1011-372X

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Title: Furfural Upgrading by Aldol Condensation with Ketones over Solid-Base Catalysts

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